考研英语高频词汇

一、考研英语高频词汇

growth /grəʊθ / n. 增加，增长(量)；生长，发展 economy growth 经济增长
联想记忆：aftergrowth后生长、degrowth生长萎缩、ingrowth向内生长
【例句】All these activities can prevent the growth of important communication. 所有这些活动都会阻碍重要的沟通。
process /prəˈses / n. 过程；工序；程序 vt. 加工，处理 in （the） process of 在……过程中
联想记忆：processing加工、procession队列
【例句】Passengers must pay $85 every five years to process their background checks. 乘客必须每五年支付 85 美元来
处理他们的背景调查。
technology /tekˈnɒlədʒi/ n. 工艺，技术 information technology情报科学，信息工程
联想记忆：technique技巧、technical 技术的
【例句】 Te c h n o l o g y will improve society in ways big and small over the next few years.未来几年，科技将大大小小地改
善社会。
product /ˈprɒdʌkt/ n. 产品，产物；乘积 consumer products 消费品
联想记忆：production生产、productive生产的
【例句】Publishers have responded to the demand that they make their product free to readers. 出版商已经回应了让他们
的产品免费给读者的要求
influence /ˈɪnfluəns/ n.影响(力)；势力，权势 vt.影响 have an influence on sb/sth 对……有影响
联想记忆：influential 有很大影响、 influent 流入的
【例句】 That experiences influence subsequent behavior is evidence of an obvious but nevertheless remarkable activity
called remembering.这种影响到我们后来行为的经历就是回忆，一种常见但意义重大的活动。
project /ˈprɒdʒekt/ n.方案，计划；项目；工程 vt.发射，放映；伸出 do a project 做/研究个课题
联想记忆：projection 预测、projectile 投射物、发射物
【例句】 The organization is deep into a long self-analysis known as the journalism credibility project .该组织正深入开展
一项长期的自我分析活动，即新闻可信度调查项目。
professional /prəˈfeʃənl/ a.娴熟的，专业的 n.专业人员 professional training 职业培训
联想记忆：professionalism专业水平、professionalize 使专业化
【例句】 The bodies playing major professional sports have changed dramatically over the years.近些年来，从事职业运
动的运动员的身高发生了巨大变化。
intellectual /ˌɪntəˈlektʃuəl/ a.智力的，善于思维的n.知识分子 intellectual property 知识产权
联想记忆：intellectualism 理智主义、intellectuality理智（性）
【例句】 But in keeping with our examination of southern intellectual life, we may consider the original Puritans as
carriers of European culture.但为了使我们与南部学术界的研究保持一致，我们可以把最初的清教徒视为欧洲文化的
传播者。
rate /reɪt/ n.进度；比率，率 v.评估，评价 at the rate 以……的速度；按……的比率
联想记忆：disrate 使降级、underrate 低估
【例句】At the same time, the normal rate of social change throughout the world is taking place at a vastly accelerated
speed compared with the past.与此同时，世界范围内的正常社会变革速度比之过去大大加速了。
economy /ɪˈkɒnəmi/ n.经济(制度，情况)；节约 economy of scale 规模经济
联想记忆：economic 经济的
【例句】Changes in the economy that lead to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment in general make

gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain.经济情况的恶化使得年轻人的工作机会减少并且失业率不断上升，
总体而言，能挣钱的工作越来越少。

issue /ˈɪʃu: / n.问题； vt. 分发; 流出；颁布，出版 bring up issues 提出问题
联想记忆：reissue重新发行
【例句】 Setting the proper investment level for security, redundancy, and recovery is a management issue , not a technical
one.为数据安全、备份及恢复设立恰当的投资标准是一个管理问题，而不是技术问题。
view /vju:/ n.观点；眼界；景色 vt.看待；观察 view…as… 把…看作…
联想记忆：viewer观看者、 review检查
【例句】 Traditionally, legal learning has been viewed in such institutions as the special preserve of lawyers, rather than a
necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person.传统而言，此类院校一般视法律的学习为律师所专用
的特权，而非将其视作每位受教育之人所应必备的知识才能。
evidence /ˈevɪdəns/ n.根据，证据；迹象 strong evidence 有力证据
联想记忆：evident 清楚的
【例句】 Scientists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eat us up if
birds failed to control them.科学家们匆忙拿出来某些明显站不住脚的证据前来救驾，大致说的是如果鸟儿不能控制害
虫的话，害虫就会将我们一切吃光。
inflation /ɪnˈfleɪʃn/ n.通货膨胀；(充气而)膨胀 accelerating inflation 加速通货膨胀
联想记忆：inflationary 通货膨胀
【例句】It has not occurred against the background of general commodity price inflation and global excess demand. 这次
（油价上升）并非发生在物价普遍上涨以及全球性需求过度的背景下。
account /əˈkaʊnt/ n.记述，账(户)，解释vi.说明 account for 负有责任；对…做出解释
联想记忆：accountant会计师、accountable负有责任的
【例句】What might account for this strange phenomenon? 如何解释这一奇怪现象呢？
behavior /bɪ’heɪvjə(r)/ n.行为，举止；（机器）运转情况 behavior therapy 行为疗法
联想记忆：behavioral关于行为的、behaviorism行为主义
【例句】Such behavior is regarded as “all to human”, with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be
capable of this finely developed sense of grievance.我们曾认为此种行为仅仅属于人类特有，即潜意识认为其他动物不
具备这种高度发达的不满情绪。
benefit /ˈbenɪfɪt/ n.益处 v. 获益，得益 have the benefit of得益于,沾…的光
联想记忆：profitable有力的、profitability收益性
【例句】 Examples of benefits or costs of the current concentration wave are scanty.目前可以证明这股合并浪潮是利是
弊的实例并不多。
ambition /æmˈbɪʃn/ n.雄心；野心 ambition to do sth/of doing sth 有做…的目标/夙愿
联想记忆：ambitious有野心的
【例句】If ambition is to be well regarded, the rewards of ambition—wealth, distinction, control over one’s destiny—must
be deemed worthy of the sacrifices made on ambition’s behalf .雄心壮志若是能够被正确看待，那么其回报—财富、名
望、权力，则应该被认为值得为之付出牺牲。
productivity /ˌprɒdʌkˈtɪvəti/ n.生产力，生产率 primary productivity初级生产力
联想记忆：productive生产的 production生产,制造
【例句】More recently, the researchers discovered that illiterate, non-English-speaking Mexican workers in Houston, Texas,
consistently meet best-practice labor productivity standards .最近，研究人员发现，在德克萨斯州的休斯顿，那些未受
过什么教育的、母语非英语的墨西哥工人总是能达到最佳的劳动力生产标准。
spot /spɒt/ n.地点；斑点，污点vt.认出；玷污 documentary spot纪录片

联想记忆：despot专制统治者、spotless非常洁净的
【例句】Hot spots , anchored in the deeper layers of the earth, provide the measuring instruments needed to resolve the
question.位于地球深层结构的“热点”地区，为解决这一问题提供了测量工具。

community /kəˈmjuːnəti/ n.社会，团体；界；群落；社区 community service社区服务

联想记忆：communism共产主义、communication交流
【例句】Many in the medical community acknowledge that the assisted-suicide debate has been fueled in part by the
despair of patients for whom modern medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying.许多医疗界人士承认，致使医助
自杀这场争论升温的原因部分在于病人们的绝望情绪，对这些病人而言，现代医学延长了临终前肉体上的痛苦。

concept /ˈkɒnsept/ n.概念，观念 Selling Concept推销观念

联想记忆：conception构思、conceptual观念上的
【例句】For any job search, you should start with a narrow concept —what you think you want to do—then broaden it.不管
寻找何种工作，你都要从一个狭窄的概念开始，即你想做什么工作，然后加以扩展。

function /ˈfʌŋkʃn/ n.功能，函数 vi.运行，起作用 control function 控制功能
联想记忆：functional实用的、functionality实用
【例句】Alvarez’s experience demonstrates the importance of finding ways to diffuse stress before it threatens your health
and your ability to function .爱尔沃瑞茨的经历表明，要在压力威胁到你的健康和机能之前找到方法疏导它，这一点很重要。
species /ˈspi:ʃi:z/ n.种，类；物种 endangered species濒危物种

联想记忆：speciesism物种歧视、subspecies (动物、植物的) 亚种

【例句】Their methods do not attempt to estimate the actual biomass （the amount of living biological matter） of fish

species in particular parts of the ocean, but rather changes in that biomass over time.其目的并非试图估计海洋中某区域鱼

类物种之数量（活的生物物种数量），而是生物总量历年所发生的变化。

structure /ˈstrʌktʃə(r)/ n.结构，构造，建筑物 vt.构造，建造 data structure 数据结构

联想记忆：restructure调整结构、substructure基础，下层建筑

【例句】 The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connections with the process of thought.希腊人认

为语言结构与思维过程之间存在某种联系。

ability /əˈbɪləti/ n.能力，本领；才能，才智 have ability to do sth. 有能力做某事

联想记忆：viability生命力、reliability可靠性
【例句】Alvarez’s experience demonstrates the importance of finding ways to diffuse stress before it threatens your health
and your ability to function.爱尔沃瑞茨的经历表明，要在压力威胁到你的健康和机能之前找到方法疏导它，这一点
很重要。

environment /ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt/ n.环境，周围状况 environment issue 环境问题

联想记忆： environmentalism环境保护主义、 environmental 生态环境的
【例句】A turbulent business environment also has senior managers cautious of letting vague pronouncements cloud their
reputations.动荡不安的商业环境也使得高级经理们谨小慎微，以免模糊表态影响声誉。

essential /ɪˈsenʃl/ a. 必不可少的，本质的n. pl.要素，必需品 be essential to 必不可少

联想记忆：essentialism 基本教育说、 quintessential本质的

【例句】We must pour out a large stream of essential words, unhampered by stops, or qualifying adjectives, or finite verbs.

我们必须大量使用基本词汇，摆脱句号、修饰性形容词及限定动词的羁绊。

evolution /ˌi:vəˈlu:ʃn/ n. 演变，进化，发展 social evolution 社会演变

联想记忆：revolution革命、revolutionize完全变革
【例句】Darwin had a phrase to describe those ignorant of evolution : they “look at an organic as a savage looks at a ship,
as at something wholly beyond his comprehension.”对于那些对进化一无所知的人，达尔文曾经用一句话来描述他们；
“他们看有机的生命如同野人看船一样，仿佛是在看某种完全无法理解的东西”。

potential /pəˈtenʃl/ a.潜在的，可能的 n.潜力，潜能 potential to do sth. 做…..的潜力
联想记忆：pluripotentiality多能性、 potentiality 潜力
【例句】When the competitive environment pushed our ancestors to achieve that potential , they could in turn afford more
education.当这种竞争环境迫使先人们达到这种潜力时，他们才有能力来接受更多的教育。
principle /ˈprɪnsəpl/ n.原则，原理；信条 accounting principle会计准则
联想记忆：principal最重要的
【例句】Since the days of Aristotle, a search for universal principles has characterized the scientific enterprise.
自亚里士多德之时起，对于宇宙定律的探索便一直是科学事业的重要特征。
stress /stres/ n.压力,重音,强调 vt.强调 stress on对…的强调
联想记忆：stressful紧张的
【例句】Men go to war and are exposed to combat stress. Men are exposed to more acts of random physical violence.
男人走上战场，承受着战斗的压力。男性承受更多随机的身体上的暴力行为。
fund /fʌnd/ n.基金，现款vt. 为……提供资金 mutual fund共同基金
联想记忆：refund 退款、 fundus基底
【例句】To help homeless people toward independence, the federal government must support job training programs, raise
the minimum wage, and fund more low-cost housing.为了帮助无家可归者走向独立，联邦政府必须支持就业培训项目、
提高最低工资并资助建设更多低价住房。
individual /ˌɪndɪˈvɪdʒuəl/ a.单独的，个人的 n.个人，个体 individual enterprise私人企业
联想记忆：individuality个性、individualism个人主义

【例句】Some individuals would therefore not have been caught, since no baited hooks would have been available to trap
them.由于没有使用带饵的鱼钩来诱捕，有些鱼（类）可能会因此逃生。

mass /mæs/ n.大量，团，块； pl.群众，质量 mass murder 屠杀
联想记忆：massive巨大的、 masseuse女按摩师
【例句】In the West, before mass communication and literacy, the most powerful mass medium was the Church.在西方，
在大众传媒和文学普及之前，最强势的大众媒介便是教堂。
policy /ˈpɒləsi/ n.政策，方针；保险单 Foreign Policy 外交政策
联想记忆：political政治的、politic明智的、politics政治
【例句】With the risks obvious and growing, a prudent people would take out an insurance policy now.随着这种很显而易
见风险的不断增加，一个审慎的民族现在便应该准备一份保险单了。
dam /dæm/ n.水坝，水堤 landslide dam滑坡坝
联想记忆：damn可恶的
【例句】The lesson from dam is that big is not always beautiful. 我们自建造大坝得出的教训是：大的未必总是美的。
debate /dɪˈbeɪt/ n.& v.辩论，争论 Policy debate 政策性辩论
联想记忆： debatable 可争辩的
【例句】At the core of this debate is chairman Gerald Levin, 56, who took over for the late Steve Ross in 1992.
位于这场争论中心的是公司主席杰拉德，他于 1992 年从已故主席史蒂夫.罗斯手中接过这一重任。
draft /dr ɑ ːft/ n.草稿，汇票，征兵vt.起草，征募 time draft 远期汇票
联想记忆：overdraft透支额、draftee征募
【例句】The first draft will appear on the page only if you stop avoiding the inevitable and sit, stand up, or lie down to
write.只有你不再逃避那些无可逃避之事时，那么无论你是坐着、站着，甚或是躺着写，初稿都会跃然纸上。
feature /ˈfiːtʃə(r)/ n.特征，特色 vt.突出，由……主演 make a feature of 以……为特色
联想记忆：defeature损伤外貌
【例句】It is an interactive feature that lets visitors key in job criteria such as location, title, and salary, then e-mails them
when a matching position is posed in the database.它具有互动的功能，允许访问者键入诸如地点、职称和薪水等要求，
等数据库出现了合适职位便以电子邮件通知。
former /ˈfɔːmə(r)/ a.在前的，以前的 n.【the～】前者 former President 前总统
联想记忆： transformer 变压器、 reformer改革者
【例句】In the former case the education is incidental; it is natural and important, but it is not the express reason of the
association.对于前者而言，教育是偶然的，自然并且重要，但它不是这种联系存在的特别的理由。
humor /ˈhjuːmə/ n.幽默（感）,心情vt. 迁就 black humor 黑色幽默
联想记忆：humorous滑稽有趣的、 humoral体液的
【例句】Look at your talk and pick out a few words or sentences which you can turn about and inject with humor.
考虑一下你的谈话，选出一些你能改变的词汇和句子，将幽默注入其中。
panel /ˈpænl/ n 专门小组；控制板，仪表盘 bezel panel面板
联想记忆：panelist专门小组成员、 empanel召集（陪审员）
【例句】The panel has not yet reached agreement on a crucial question.该小组在一个关键问题上尚存争议。
religion /rɪˈlɪdʒən/ n 宗教信仰；信条，信念 true religion 真实信仰

联想记忆：irreligion 反宗教、 religiousness宗教性、religious宗教信仰的
【例句】Meanwhile, many settlers had slighter religious commitments than Dane’s ,as one clergyman learned in confronting
folk along the coast who mocked that they had not come to the New World for religion .与此同时，许多人并不似戴恩一样
如此信奉宗教，正如一位牧师的经验之谈：在海边与人攀谈时，渔民嘲弄他说，他们可不是为了宗教才来到新大陆。

boom /bu:m/ n. 隆隆声；繁荣 vi.发出隆隆声；迅速增长 baby boom 出生高峰期
联想记忆：booming繁荣的
【例句】Many consumers seem to have been influenced by stock-market swings, which investors now view as a necessary
ingredient to a sustained boom .诚然，很多消费者似乎一直受到股票市场波动的影响，投资者却视之为持续繁荣的必
要因素。
analysis /əˈnæləsɪs/ n. 分析，分析报告 f actor analysis[数]因子分析
联想记忆： metanalysis 再分化、 psychoanalysis 精神分析(或疗法)
【例句】Instead of a plan of action, they continue to press for more research—a classical case of“paralysis by analysis ”
与此相反，他们依旧要求做进一步研究，这是一种典型的“只说不做，最终误事”的行为。
appeal /əˈpiːl/ v i.&n. 呼吁，上诉vt. 将…上诉，吸引 appeal body上诉机构
联想记忆：appearance 外貌
【例句】If the study of law is beginning to establish itself as part and parcel of a general education, its aims and methods
should appeal directly to journalism educators.若是法学正在开始成为普通教育的重要组成部分的话，那么其目标和方
法理应即刻吸引新闻学教育者。
challenge /ˈtʃælɪndʒ/ n. 挑战，质问 vt. 向…挑战，质疑 challenge inspections质疑监察
联想记忆：challenger挑战者、unchallenged不被怀疑的

【例句】In dealing with a challenge on such a scale, it is no exaggeration to say, “United we stand, divided we fall.”在
应付一个如此规模的挑战过程中，我们可以毫不夸张地说，“团结则存，分裂则亡”。

current /ˈkʌrənt/ a.当前的；流行的 n.目前；电流；趋势 current situation 现状
联想记忆：concurrent同时发生的、undercurrent 潜在的情绪
【例句】The current state of affairs may have been encouraged though not justified.如今的这种状况虽不合理，但仍有
可能继续加剧。
procedure /prəˈsi:dʒə(r)/ n.程序，手续，步骤 civil procedure 民事诉讼法
联想记忆：procedural程序上的
【例句】But do not bother trying to kill off old habits; once those ruts of procedure are worn into the brain, they are there
to stay.但是不要试图消除一切旧的习惯，这些惯有程序一旦进入大脑，便会留在其中。
status /ˈsteɪtəs/ n.地位，身份；情形，状况 social status社会地位
联想记忆：statue 雕塑
【例句】Turkey’s bid for First World status includes the giant Ataturk Dam.在土耳其力图跻身第一世界（地位）的诸多
努力中，阿塔特克大坝也是其中重要一环。
approach /əˈprəʊtʃ/ v.靠近；应对 n.接近;途径,方法 cognitive approach认知法
联想记忆：approachable易理解的
【例句】In physics, one approach takes this impulse for unification to its extreme, and seeks a theory of everything—a
single generative equation for all we see.在物理学领域，有一种方法将此种对统一性的要求推向了极致，它试图探寻
一个最基本的公式以解释一切。

background /ˈbækgraʊnd/ n.出身背景，经历； (画等的)背景 noise background噪声背景
联想记忆： background-clip背景裁剪
【例句】It has not occurred against the background of general commodity price inflation and global excess demand.这次
（油价上升）并非发生在物价普遍上涨以及全球性需求过度的背景下。
comment /ˈkɒment/ n. 评论，意见，闲话，议论 v. 评论 comment on 评论
联想记忆：commentary 实况报道、 commentate作实况报道
【例句】It links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the links journalists forge on a daily
basis as they cover and comment on the news.如同记者每天将现实与其报道、评论的新闻联系起来一样，它将这些概
念（公正、民主、自由）与日常实践联系在一起。
exchange /ɪksˈtʃeɪndʒ/ n.交换，兑换，兑换率 vt.调换，交流，兑换 exchange for 交换
联想记忆：change 改变
【例句】The researchers spent two years teaching their monkeys to exchange token for food.研究人员花了两年时间才教
会了猴子用代币换取食品。
focus /ˈfəʊkəs/ v.聚集，关注 n.焦点，焦距，（活动、兴趣）中心 focus on 集中
联想记忆：refocus重调焦距
【例句】 Artists’ job is to explore emotions, and yet they choose to focus on the ones that feel bad.艺术家的职责是探索情
感，但他们只选择关注那些负面情感。
grant /grænt/ n.拨款，同意，承认 vt.授予，给予 grant access to sb 让…进入
联想记忆：vagrant 无业游民、 migrant移居者
【例句】Over the past decade, thousands of patents have been granted for what are called business methods.在过去的十年
间，成千上万的专利被授予了那些所谓的商业方法。
theory /ˈθɪəri / n. 理论，原理；学说；看法，见解 expectancy theory 期望理论
联想记忆：theoretical理论上的
【例句】His survey of the theory of leadership, is that a combination of hard and soft power. 他对领导理论的研究，就是
硬实力和软实力的结合。
advocate /ˈædvəkeɪt / vt/n. 鼓吹(者)，拥护(者) advocate of (doing) sth 鼓吹（做）某事
联想记忆：advocation 支持
【例句】Instead, he advocates a synthesis of these two views. 相反，他主张综合这两种观点。
amount /əˈmaʊnt / n. 数量vi．合计，等同 in the amount of 总计
联想记忆：catamount 野猫
【例句】Given the current divorce rate of nearly 50 percent,that amounts to millions of cases in the United States every
year. 以目前近50%的离婚率计算，美国每年有数百万的离婚案例。
concern /kənˈsɜ:n/ vt. 关联，关心n. 企业，焦虑，关心 concern about 担心
联想记忆：unconcerned 冷淡的
【例句】Some applaud the approach; others are concerned. 一些人对这种做法表示赞赏，另一些人则表示担心。
factor /ˈfæktə(r)/ n. 因素，要素 determining factor 决定因素
联想记忆：factorial 阶乘、factory工厂
【例句】The contributing factors for this phenomenon can be summarized as follows. 造成这种现象的因素可归纳如下。
intelligence /ɪnˈtelɪdʒəns/ n. 智力，智慧；情报 social intelligence社会智力
联想记忆：intelligencer报道者
【例句】Jury duty was limited to persons of supposedly superior intelligence , education, and moral character. 陪审团的职
责仅限于那些被认为智力、教育和道德品质优越的人。
return /rɪˈtɜːn/ v./n. 回来；归还，送还；回答 return to回到、恢复
联想记忆：returnable可退还的
【例句】About a quarter of all Italian immigrants, for example, eventually returned to Italy for good. 例如，大约四分之
一的意大利移民最终回到了意大利。
consequence /ˈkɒnsɪkwəns/ n. 结果，后果；重要(性)，重大 evil consequence 恶果
联想记忆：inconsequence 前后不符（矛盾）
【例句】The consequence is that you perceive that the trip has taken less time than it actually has. 其结果是，你认为这
次旅行花费的时间比实际少。
drug /drʌɡ/ n. 药物（pl.）麻醉品，毒品 drug treatment 药物治疗
联想记忆：druggist 药剂师
【例句】Firms are now studying how genes interact, looking for correlations that might be used to determine the causes of
disease or predict a drug’s efficacy.公司现在正在研究基因如何相互作用，寻找可能用于确定疾病原因或预测药物疗效
的相关性。
expert /ˈekspɜ:t/ n. 专家，能手a. 熟练的，内行的 expert conclusion 鉴定结论
联想记忆：expertise 专门知识、inexpert不熟练的
【例句】This time experts reckon that prices are about 40% down on their peak on average.这一次专家估计价格平均比
峰值下降了40%左右。
action /ˈækʃn/ n. 行为；活动；作用 take action采取行动
联想记忆：act行动
【例句】 Sustainability-oriented values must be expressed through everyday action and choice.必须通过日常行动和选择
来表达以可持续性为导向的价值观。
adult /ˈædʌlt/ n. 成(年)人a. 成年人的，已成熟的 adult child成年子女
联想记忆：adulthood 成年
【例句】 Adult women do not remember being so obsessed with the color. 成年女性不记得对颜色如此着迷。
competition /ˌkɒmpəˈtɪʃn/ n. 竞争，比赛 market competition 市场竞争
联想记忆：competitive 竞争的
【例句】For factory owners, it all adds up to stiff competition for workers. 对工厂主来说，这一切都加剧了对工人的激
烈竞争。
capacity /kəˈpæsəti/ n. 容量，容积；能力，才能 capacity of/for 做……的能力
联想记忆：incapacity 无能力
【例句】But a boost in the storage capacity of batteries is making their ability to keep power flowing around the clock more
likely. 但电池存储容量的提高，使得它们保持 24 小时不间断供电的能力变得更有可能。
detail /ˈdi:teɪl/ n. 细节，详情vt. 详述，细说 detail account 详细帐单
联想记忆：determine 查明
【例句】So, remember the little details of the people you met or you talked with. 所以，记住你遇到或和你交谈的人的
一些小细节。
management /ˈmænɪdʒmənt/ n. 经营；管理(部门)；管理人员 knowledge management 知识管理
联想记忆：mismanagement 管理不善
【例句】Anyone allergic to management term will already be running for the exit. 任何对管理术语反感的人都已经在竞
选退出了。
universe /ˈju:nɪvɜ:s/ n. 宇宙，世界；范围，领域 observable universe可观测宇宙
联想记忆：universal普遍的、 university 大学
【例句】Before each of their revelations, many thinkers at the time had sustained more ancient ways of thinking, including
the geocentric view that the Earth was at the centre of our universe. 在每个真理被揭示之前，当时的许多思想家都维持
着更古老的思维方式，其中包括认为地球是宇宙中心的地球中心说。
advertising /ˈædvətaɪzɪŋ/ n. 广告宣传；广告业，广告事务 advertising firm 广告公司
联想记忆：advertisement广告
【例句】The recession threatened to remove the advertising and readers that had not already fled to the Internet.经济衰退
让那些尚未转投互联网的广告商和读者开始动摇。
element /ˈelɪmənt / n. 要素；元素；基础；自然环境 chemical element 化学元素
联想记忆：elementary初级的、elemental 基本原理
【例句】While climate is a key element , it shouldn’t come at the expense of the rest of the equation.虽然气候是一个关键
因素，但它不应以牺牲其他因素为代价。
investment /ɪnˈvestmənt / n. 投资(额) investment partner 投资伙伴
联想记忆：disinvestment 减少投资、invest投资
【例句】This massive investment could change the picture rapidly in coming years.这项大规模投资可能在未来几年迅速
改变局面。
responsibility /rɪˌspɒnsəˈbɪləti / n. 责任(心)；职责，义务 responsibility center责任中心
联想记忆：irresponsibility 不负责任、responsible 负责的
【例句】The government should strengthen the sense of responsibility among businesses.政府应该加强企业的责任感。
opportunity /ˌɒpəˈtju:nəti / n. 时机，机会 development opportunity发展机遇
联想记忆：opportune恰好的
【例句】We take this opportunity to express our best wishes to you.我们借此机会向您致以最良好的祝愿。
personality /ˌpɜ:səˈnæləti / n. 人格，个性；人物 personality test人格测验
联想记忆：impersonality不具人格、personalize个人化
【例句】The senior citizens has developed a lot in personality , so they are more prone to see the optimistic aspects of the
work.老年人的个性得到了很大的发展，所以他们更倾向于看到工作中乐观的一面。
combine /kəmˈbaɪn / v. 联合，化合n. 联合企业 combine with使联合起来
联想记忆：recombine重新结合、combination结合体
【例句】In previous eras of drastic technological change, entrepreneurs smoothed the transition by dreaming up ways to

combine labor and machines.在前一个技术剧烈变革的时代，企业家们通过想方设法将劳动力和机器结合起来，使转
型顺利进行。

corporation /ˌkɔ:pəˈreɪʃn / n. 公司，团体 News Corporation新闻集团
联想记忆：incorporation 法人
【例句】Should they become charitable corporations ?他们应该成为慈善团体吗？
gas /gæs / n. 煤气；气体；汽油 gas leak 煤气泄漏
联想记忆：gassy充满气体的、 gast恐吓
【例句】How the warming of the Earth from greenhouse gases is leading to conditions that worsen fires！温室气体造成的
地球变暖是如何导致火灾恶化的！
organization /ˌɔ:gənaɪˈzeɪʃn / n. 团体，机构；组织体制 service organization服务组织
联想记忆：reorganization 改组、organizational组织的
【例句】Fully 87% of their revenues came from advertising in 2008, according to the Organization for Economic
Cooperation & Development (OECD).根据经济合作与发展组织（OECD）的数据， 2008 年，它们全部87%的收入来
自广告。
substance /ˈsʌbstəns / n. 物质；实质；内容；根据 active substance 活性物质
联想记忆：substantial 大量的
【例句】Rather than portraying landscape, land artists used the physical substance of the land itself as their medium.土地
艺术家没有描绘景观，而是将土地本身的物质作为他们的媒介。
trend /trend / n. 趋势，倾向；时新款式，时尚 an irresistible trend of 必然趋势
联想记忆：trendy 时髦的
【例句】It is not difficult to come up with some possible factors contributing to this trend .不难找出一些可能导致这一趋
势的因素。
activity /ækˈtɪvəti/ n. 活跃，活力；(常pl.)活动 activity analysis活动分析
联想记忆：active 活跃的
【例句】Plus, pertinent activity taken by the public to put an end to this trend might be little and limit.此外，公众为结束
这一趋势而采取的相关行动可能很少，而且是有限的。
advantage /ədˈvɑ:ntɪdʒ/ n. 优点，有利条件；利益 have the advantage of 比(某人)强，胜过
联想记忆：disadvantage缺点、advantageous有利的
【例句】It is known that text message has both advantages and disadvantages.众所周知，短信有优点也有缺点。
aspect /ˈæspekt/ n. 外表；(问题等的)方面 viewpoint aspect视点体
联想记忆：aspectual 体的
【例句】He is at his most interesting when discussing the moral aspects of leadership.他在讨论领导力的道德方面时最有
意思。
attitude /ˈætɪtju:d/ n.态度，看法；姿势 Attitude Survey态度调查
联想记忆：attention注意
【例句】What is the author’s attitude toward America’s policies on global warming?作者对美国关于全球变暖的政策持
什么态度？

balance /ˈbæləns/ v. 使平衡，称 n. 天平，平衡，差额，结余 keep balance 保持平衡
联想记忆：unbalance使不平衡、 imbalance失衡
【例句】Newspapers are becoming more balanced businesses.报业正变得更加平衡。
characteristic /ˌkærəktəˈrɪstɪk/ a. 特有的，典型的n. 特征 quality characteristic质量特性
联想记忆：uncharacteristic非典型的
【例句】They shared some characteristics of abstract art.它们有抽象艺术的一些特征。
claim /kleɪm/ vt./n. 声称，断言；索取 sb. claim to do某人声称要做某事
联想记忆：reclaim取回、proclaim 宣布
【例句】You may proudly claim to only have frozen peas in the freezer - that’s not good enough.你可能会自豪地说，冰箱
里只有冷冻豌豆——这还不够好。
culture /ˈkʌltʃə(r)/ n. 教养，教育；文化；培植，培养 popular culture流行文化
联想记忆：agriculture农业
【例句】You had better have more communication with foreigners, which guarantees that you have a deep understanding of
foreign culture .你最好多和外国人交流，这保证你对外国文化有深刻的了解。
manner /ˈmænə(r)/ n. 方式，方法；态度，举止；风度，礼貌，规矩 good manners 有礼貌
联想记忆：mannerist 风格主义的
【例句】On the other hand, it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the links journalists
forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news.另一方面，这一学科把这些概念结合到日常生活中，这与
新闻记者每天报道和评论新闻时的做法是相同的。
risk /rɪsk/ n. 风险，危险；冒险 vt. 冒…的危险 at risk处境危险
联想记忆：brisk快的、risky冒险的
【例句】Bankers’ excessive risk - taking is a significant cause of this financial crisis.银行家过度冒险是这次金融危机的一
个重要原因。
robot /ˈrəʊbɒt/ n. 机器人，自动机械 robot module 机器人模块
联想记忆：robotic机器人的
【例句】What happens when the robots come for their jobs?当机器人来工作时会发生什么?
shift /ʃɪft/ v. 转移；改变，转变 n. 转换；轮(或换)班 night shift 夜班
联想记忆：shifty 贼眉鼠眼的
【例句】Such a view would require a corresponding shift in the way US society today views fire, researchers say.
研究人员表示，这样的观点需要美国社会对火灾的看法发生相应的转变。
argument /ˈɑ:gjumənt/ n. 争论，辩论；论点，论据 argument for and against 赞成和反对
联想记忆：argumentation 推论
【例句】Critics make three main arguments against gene patents.批评者对基因专利提出了三个主要论点。
blueprint /ˈblu:prɪnt/ n. 计划，蓝图 blueprint for life 人生蓝图
联想记忆：scheme 计划
【例句】A working group has included the possibility of formation flying in a blueprint for new operational guidelines.一
个工作组已将编队飞行的可能性列入新的行动准则蓝图。
climate /ˈklaɪmət/ n. 气候；风气，气氛 Climate classification气候分类

联想记忆：acclimate 顺应
【例句】We need to adjust to this changing climate. 我们需要适应这种不断变化的气候。

employee /ɪmˈplɔɪiː/ n. 受雇者，雇员 employee price 员工价
联想记忆：employer 雇主
【例句】Employee puts in hours of physical or mental labor and employee draws out life-sustaining moola.雇员投入数小
时的体力或脑力劳动，雇员抽出维持生命的木拉。
innovation /ˌɪnəˈveɪʃn/ n. 新方法，新事物；革新 oppose innovation 反对创新
联想记忆：innovative 创新的
【例句】Government could offer more friendly policies to China autos manufacturers to encourage quality improvement
and technology innovation .政府可以向中国汽车制造商提供更为友好的政策，以鼓励质量改进和技术创新。
interview /ˈɪntəvjuː/ n./v. 接见，会见；面试；采访 exclusive interview独家采访
联想记忆：interviewer 采访者、 interviewee 接受采访者
【例句】Almost everyone who was interviewed for this special report said that the biggest problem at the moment is not a
lack of demand but a lack of good work to sell.几乎每一位接受本期特别报道采访的人都表示，目前最大的问题不是需
求不足，而是缺乏好作品可供销售。
journal /ˈdʒɜ:nl/ n. 定期刊物；日志 Journal papers期刊论文
联想记忆：journalist 新闻记者、 journalism 新闻业
【例句】 Higher education has “continued to reproduce and widen, rather than close” an achievement gap based on social
class, according to the depressing beginning of a paper forthcoming in the journal Psychological Science.根据即将在《心
理科学》杂志上发表的一篇论文令人沮丧的开头，高等教育一直在复制和扩大基于社会阶层的成就差距，而不是缩
小差距。
link /lɪŋk/ v. 连接，联系 n. 环节，联系，纽带 radio link [通信] 无线电线路
联想记忆： unlink 分、slink 偷偷摸摸地走
【例句】 With Obamacare there is no longer a link between employment and insurance.有了奥巴马医改，就业和保险之
间就不再有联系了。
motion /ˈməʊʃn/ n. 运动；手势，眼色；提议v. (向…)打手势，示意 motion blur 动态模糊
联想记忆： motivate是……的原因
【例句】 Accommodating this new world of people in motion will require new attitudes on both sides of the immigration
battle .要适应这个新的流动人口世界，需要移民战争双方采取新的态度。
performance /pəˈfɔ:məns/ n. 执行；表演 performance management 绩效管理
联想记忆：perform执行
【例句】 So it is not difficult to observe their steady performance. 因此观察它们的稳定性能并不困难。
possibility /ˌpɒsəˈbɪləti/ n. 可能(性)；可能的事 bare possibility缺乏可能性
联想记忆：possible可能
【例句】 It intends to deny the possibility of devaluation.它打算否认货币贬值的可能性。
pressure /ˈpreʃə(r)/ n. 压(力)；压迫vt. 对…施加压力(或影响) Blood Pressure血压
联想记忆：acupressure指压
【例句】First, middle-aged people face more pressure to support the family.首先，中年人面临更大的养家压力。

property /ˈprɒpəti/ n. 财产，资产；性质，特性 physical property [化学] 物理性质
联想记忆：properly正确的
【例句】Each spouse retains whatever property he or she brought into the marriage.配偶双方保留他或她带入婚姻的任
何财产。
prospect /ˈprɒspekt/ n. 前景v. 勘探，勘察 career prospect职业前途
联想记忆：prospective有望的
【例句】The fact cannot be neglected that most of the staff under their forties cannot see the slightest prospect of promotion.
不可忽视的事实是，大多数 40 岁以下的工作人员看不到晋升的希望。
resource /rɪˈsɔ:s/ n.(pl.) 资源；谋略 water resource 水资源
联想记忆：resourceful 机敏的
【例句】Students are usually to blame for their lack of resources .学生通常因缺乏资源而受到责备。
source / sɔ:s/ n. 源(泉)，发源地；来源，出处 a reliable source of information 可靠的信息源
联想记忆：resource 资源
【例句】Today many people find it difficult to trust their own opinion and seek balance by gaining objectivity from external
sources .如今，许多人发现很难相信自己的观点，也很难通过从外部获得客观性来寻求平衡。
access /ˈækses/ n. 进入；入口 vt. 存取(计算机文件) access to 接近；通向…的入口
联想记忆：accessory 附件
【例句】Courts should restrict access to genetic tests.法院应限制基因检测。
amateur /ˈæmətə(r)/ n./a. 业余爱好(者的) amateur status 业余身份
联想记忆：amateurish 外行的
【例句】These new forms were at first mainly written by scholars and performed by amateurs .这些新形式起初主要由学
者撰写，由业余人士表演。
assumption /əˈsʌmpʃn/ n. 假定，臆断；担任，承担 inflation assumption 通货膨胀假设
联想记忆：assume 假设
【例句】We had a assumption that we’d have to give it a moving head and tail.我们有一个假设：我们必须给它一个移动
的头和尾。
authority /ɔ:ˈθɒrəti/ n. 权威，专家；权力；(常用pl．)官方，当局 state authority国家权力机关
联想记忆：authoritative 权威式的
【例句】These epochal figures represented lives hard to imitate, but to be acknowledged as possessing higher authority
than mere mortals.这些划时代的人物代表了难以模仿的生活，但却被认为拥有比普通人更高的权威。
bias /ˈbaɪəs/ n. 偏见；偏袒，偏心vt. 使有偏见 Inflationary bias通胀偏差
联想记忆：unbias 无偏性、unbiased 公正的
【例句】Teachers, employers, and health professionals have been shown to harbor biases against the obese.教师、雇主和
卫生专业人员被证明对肥胖有偏见。
cash /kæʃ/ n．现金v. 兑现，付(或收)现款 cash cost 现金成本
联想记忆：cashier 出纳员
【例句】I am writing to notify you of a charity sale our class will organize in order to raise cash donations to kids in great
need of help.我写信通知你，我们班将组织一次慈善义卖，为急需帮助的孩子筹集现金捐款。

committee /kəˈmɪti/ n. 委员会 Compensation Committee 报酬委员会
联想记忆：subcommittee 小组委员会
【例句】But by the end of 2009 Ms. Simmons was under fire for having sat on Goldman’s compensation committee.
但到 2009 年底，Ms. Simmons因在高盛薪酬委员会任职而饱受指责。
conflict /ˈkɒnflɪkt/ n. 冲突；战斗vi. 冲突，抵触 cultural conflict文化冲突
联想记忆：confliction 冲突
【例句】Anti-immigrant sentiment typically increases, as does conflict between races and classes.反移民情绪通常会增加，
种族和阶级之间的冲突也会增加。
consideration /kənˌsɪdəˈreɪʃn/ n. 考虑；体贴，关心 sampling consideration 抽样考虑
联想记忆：reconsideration再考虑、 inconsideration 不加思索
【例句】Natural scenes were taken into consideration .自然景色成为考虑因素。
constant /ˈkɒnstənt/ a. 不断的；始终如一的；忠实的n. 常数 solar constant[天]太阳常数
联想记忆：inconstant不忠的
【例句】You may have a circle of friends who provide constant good humor, help and companionship.你可能有一个朋友
圈，他们经常提供良好的幽默，帮助和友谊。
consumption /kənˈsʌmpʃn/ n. 消耗量，消费量 media consumption 媒体消费
联想记忆：consumptive消费的
【例句】The pie chart above presents the different proportion of residents’ consumption in a Chinese city during Spring
Festival.上面的饼图显示了春节期间中国城市居民消费的不同比例。
contact /ˈkɒntækt/ vt./n. (与…取得)联系 contact with 与…联系
联想记忆：content内容、context背景
【例句】Trust me, eye contact is where all the magic happens.相信我，眼神交流是所有魔法发生的地方。
convention /kənˈvenʃn/ n. 大会；协定，公约；惯例 convention center 会议中心
联想记忆：unconventional不因循守旧的
【例句】The BIO recently held a convention which included sessions to coach lawyers on the shifting landscape for patents.
生物组织最近举行了一次会议，其中包括就专利领域的变化向律师提供指导。
data /ˈdeɪtə/ n. 资料，数据 data pool 数据池
联想记忆：database 数据库
【例句】There are concerns that government, employers, and marketers might be able to access these data , thereby
violating our privacy.有人担心政府、雇主和营销人员可能会访问这些数据，从而侵犯我们的隐私。
definition /ˌdefɪˈnɪʃn/ n. 定义；清晰(度)，鲜明(度) ostensive definition 实物定义
联想记忆：definitive 决定性的
【例句】We need to look beyond strict definitions of legal and illegal. 长远来看我们需要严格定义合法和非法。
delivery /dɪˈlɪvəri/ n. 交付，投递；分娩；演讲的风格(方式) home delivery送货上门
联想记忆：deliver交付
【例句】Some papers even had the nerve to refuse delivery to distant suburbs. 有些报纸甚至有勇气拒绝送到遥远的郊
区。

distinction /dɪˈstɪŋkʃn/ n. 差别；区分，辨别；优秀 traditional distinction 传统的区分
联想记忆：distinctive独特的
【例句】Before explaining the connection to the Obamacare, it is worth making an important distinction. 在解释与奥巴马
医改的关系之前，有必要做一个重要的区分。
emphasis /ˈemfəsɪs/ n. 强调，重点 emphasis on 对…的强调
联想记忆：emphasise 强调
【例句】 The context of leadership is changing, the observe, and the historical emphasis on hard power is becoming
outdated. 领导环境在变化，观察和历史上对硬权力的强调已经过时。
error /ˈerə(r)/ n. 错误，差错 systematic error 系统误差
联想记忆：errorless 无误差的
【例句】 Finally, Toyota brake error accidents significantly affects Japanese autos’ reputations and images. 最后，丰田刹
车失误事故严重影响了日本汽车的声誉和形象。
extent /ɪkˈstent/ n. 广度，宽度；范围，程度 to the extent that 达到……程度
联想记忆：extention 扩展名
【例句】 To some extent the housing sector must shoulder the blame. 在某种程度上，房地产业必须承担责任。
fundamental /ˌfʌndəˈmentl/ a. 根本的，基础的n. (常pl.)基本原则 fundamental physics基础物理
联想记忆：fundamentalist 基本教义派、fundamentalism原教旨主义
【例句】 There are fundamental public health problems, like dirty hands instead of a soap habit, that remain killers only
because we can’t figure out how to change people’s habits.还存在一些类似不用肥皂洗手的基本公共卫生问题，由于我
们还想不出如何改变人们的行为习惯，这些问题仍对健康产生威胁。
gene /dʒi:n/ n. 基因 gene ontology基因本体论
联想记忆：generous慷慨的、generate产生
【例句】 But in March 2010 a judge ruled that genes were un-patentable.但 2010 年 3 月，法官裁定基因不可申请专利。
genius /ˈdʒi:niəs/ n. 天才，天赋；天才人物 poetic genius 诗仙
联想记忆：genious天才
【例句】 It can’t when so many more employers have so much more access to so much more above average cheap foreign
labor, cheap robotics, cheap software, cheap automation and cheap genius. 当越来越多的雇主有如此多的机会获得比平
均水平更高的廉价外国劳动力、廉价机器人技术、廉价软件、廉价自动化和廉价天才时，这是不可能的。
giant /ˈdʒaɪənt/ n. 巨人；才智超群的人a．巨大的 Giant Hummingbird 巨蜂鸟
联想记忆：giantess 女巨人
【例句】 That is how we have put a giant target sign on the backs of American workers.我们就是这样在美国工人的背上
贴上一个巨大的目标标志的。
implication /ˌɪmplɪˈkeɪʃn/ n. 含意，暗示；牵连 economic implication对经济的影响
联想记忆：implicate牵涉
【例句】 It is going riskily close to the implication that standards need to be lowered for poor children.这就近乎冒险地暗
示了对于贫困的孩子要降低标准。
improvement /ɪmˈpru:vmənt/ n. 增进；改进(处) improvement in 改进,改善
联想记忆：improvemental 改良的

【例句】 What’s more, along with the ever-accelerating improvement of economy and society is also the ever-increasing
work and life pressure.此外，随着经济和社会的不断进步，工作和生活压力也在不断增加。

instinct /ˈɪnstɪŋkt/ n. 本能，直觉；生性，天性 natural instinct自然本能
联想记忆：instinctive本能的
【例句】 Curiosity is often considered a good instinct .好奇心通常被认为是一种良好的本能。
intention /ɪnˈtenʃn/ n. 意图，意向，目的 intention definition 意向定义
联想记忆：intentional故意的
【例句】 Along with the many folks looking to make a permanent home in the United States came those who had no
intention to stay, and who would make some money and then go home. 和许多想在美国永久定居的人一样，也有一些人
不想留下来，他们会赚点钱然后回家。
invention /ɪnˈvenʃn/ n. 发明，创造；捏造，虚构 necessity is the mother of invention(saying) 需要是发明之母
联想记忆：inventive善于创新的
【例句】 Mental health is the source of creativity for coming up with a creative business idea or invention to make our
lives easier.心理健康是创造性的源泉，它可以帮助我们想出一个有创意的商业点子或发明，让我们的生活更轻松。
item /ˈaɪtəm/ n. 条款，项目；(新闻等的)一条 item of clothing一件衣服
联想记忆：itemize列出清单
【例句】 Try to slot it as a to-do list item and you’ll manage only goal-focused reading-useful, sometimes, but not the most
fulfilling kind.试着把它列为一个待办事项，这样你就可以只进行有目标的阅读，有时是有用的，但不是最有成就感
的阅读。
mechanism /ˈmekənɪzəm/ n. 机械装置；机构；机制 original mechanism原始机构
联想记忆：mechanistic机械论的
【例句】 Snap decisions can be important defense mechanisms .快速决策可能是重要的防御机制。
observation /ˌɒbzəˈveɪʃn/ n. 注意，观察；言论；(常pl.)观察数据 experimental observation实验观察
联想记忆：observational观测的
【例句】During a separate observation , she saw that phones became a source of tension in the family. 在一次独立观察
中，她发现电话成了家庭关系紧张的根源。
odd /ɒd/ a. 古怪的；奇数的；剩余的n.(p1.) 可能性 odd job零工
联想记忆：oddness奇怪
【例句】But in my experience, using such methods to free up the odd 30 minutes doesn’t work. 但以我的经验，用这种方
法来腾出 30 分钟的时间是行不通的。
phenomenon /fəˈnɒmɪnən/ n. 现象；非凡的人(或物) physical phenomenon物理现象
联想记忆：phenomenonal了不起的; 非凡的
【例句】There might be two reasons, I think, for the phenomenon. 我认为，这种现象可能有两个原因。
remark /rɪˈmɑ:k/ v. 评论，谈论；注意到，察觉n. 评语，议论，意见 offhand remark信口一说的话
联想记忆：remarkable 非凡的
【例句】 “It’s a really hard thing to do and it’s a tremendous luxury that BuzzFeed doesn’t have a legacy business,” Peretti
remarked. Peretti说：“这真的很难做到，BuzzFeed没有遗留业务是一种巨大的奢侈。”
requirement /rɪˈkwaɪəmənt/ n. 要求；需要(的东西) Business Requirement业务需求

联想记忆：require需要
【例句】 This law abolished special educational requirements for federal jurors and required them to be selected at
random from a cross section of the entire community.这项法律废除了对联邦陪审员的特殊教育要求，并要求他们从整
个社区的各个阶层中随机挑选。

response /rɪˈspɒns/ n. 回答，答复；反应，响应 correct response正确的回应
联想记忆：responsibility责任
【例句】 I am looking forward to your response at your earliest convenience. 我期待着您在方便的时候尽早答复。
revolution /ˌrevəˈlu:ʃn/ n. 革命；旋转，转数 Green Revolution绿色反动
联想记忆：revolutionary革命的
【例句】 But it is also because of the advances in both globalization and the information technology revolution. 但也正是
由于全球化和信息技术革命的进步。
scale /skeɪl/ n. 刻度；级别；规模；鳞；(pl.)天平 infrastructure scale 基建规模
联想记忆：unscale 除去…的鳞片
【例句】 Then there is the scale of the typical housing project. 然后是典型住宅项目的规模。
site /saɪt/ n. 位置，地点vt. 使坐落在，设置 site plan总平面图
联想记忆：website网站
【例句】 The TMT site was chosen to minimize the telescope’s visibility around the island and to avoid archaeological and
environmental impact. TMT的选址是为了尽量减少望远镜在岛上的能见度，避免考古和环境影响。
stock /stɒk/ n. 库存，现货；股票v. 储备a．常备的 Common stock [金融]普通股
联想记忆：stockholder股票持有人
【例句】 The likelihood of being named in a federal class-action lawsuit also increases, and the stock is likely to perform
worse.在联邦集体诉讼中被点名的可能性也在增加，该股的表现可能会更差。
survey /ˈsɜ:rveɪ/ n. 测量；概括论述；调查 survey research调查研究法
联想记忆：surveyor测量员
【例句】 A big survey of Indian households in 2004 found that nearly 40% of emigrants had more than a high-school
education, compared with around 3.3% of all Indians over the age of 25.2004年对印度家庭进行的一项大型调查发现，近
40%的移民受过高中以上教育，而 25 岁以上的印度人中，这一比例约为3.3%。
sympathy /ˈsɪmpəθi/ n. 同情(心)；支持；(pl.)慰问 sympathy for 对……的同情
联想记忆：sympathise 同情
【例句】 Mental health allows us to view others with sympathy if they are having troubles, with kindness if they are in
pain, and with unconditional love no matter who they are. 心理健康能让我们在别人有困难的时候同情他们，在别人痛
苦的时候仁慈，无论他们是谁，都有无条件的爱。
vote /vəʊt/ vi．投票n. 选票；选举；投票总数 vote in投票选出
联想记忆：votive表示谢恩的
【例句】 Women feel more compelled than men to do their homework,” says Ms. Reksten Skaugen, who was voted
Norway’s chairman of the year for 2007. 被选为挪威 2007 年年度主席的Ms. Reksten Skaugen说：“女性比男性更有
压力做作业。”
unemployment /ˌʌnɪmˈplɔɪmənt/ n. 失业(人数) unemployment problem 失业问题
联想记忆：employment工作

【例句】 Many said that unemployment , while extremely painful, had improved them in some ways. 许多人说，失业虽
然极其痛苦，但在某些方面改善了他们。

infrastructure /ˈɪnfrəstrʌktʃə(r)/ n. 基础结构，基本设施(如运输、动力等) infrastructure scale 基建规模
联想记忆：infrastruction基础设施
【例句】 When the government talks about infrastructure contributing to the economy the focus is usually on roads,
railways, broadband and energy. 当政府谈论基础设施对经济的贡献时，重点通常是公路、铁路、宽带和能源。
premium /ˈpri:miəm/ n. 保险金；奖品a. 高级的；售价高的 premium revenue 保费收入
联想记忆：premier首要的
【例句】 To combat the trap of putting a premium on being busy, Cal Newport，recommends building a habit of “deep
work” - the ability to focus without distraction. 为了克服重在忙碌的陷阱，Cal Newport建议养成一种“深入工作”的
习惯——专注而不分心的能力。
title /ˈtaɪtl/ n. 题目，标题；称号，头衔；权益，权利 professional title 职称
联想记忆：untitled无题
【例句】 Which of the following could be the most appropriate title for the text? 以下哪一个可能是文本最合适的标
题？
basis /ˈbeɪsɪs/ n. 基本，根据，原则 accounting basis 会计基础
联想记忆：basically大体上
【例句】 Board members of public companies should be chosen solely on the basis of merit and experience.上市公司董事
会成员的遴选应完全基于业绩和经验。
ceremony /ˈserəməni/ n. 典礼，仪式；礼仪 signing ceremony签约仪式
联想记忆：ceremonial礼仪的
【例句】 I would like to invite you to attend the graduation ceremony and share the pleasant moment together. 我想邀请
你们参加毕业典礼，一起分享这愉快的时刻。
character /ˈkærəktə(r)/ n. 特征；性格，品质；人物，角色；（汉）字 national character国民性
联想记忆：characteristic典型的
【例句】Jury duty was limited to persons of supposedly superior intelligence, education, and moral character. 陪审团的职
责仅限于那些被认为智力、教育和道德品质优越的人。
commercial /kəˈmɜ:ʃl/ a. 商务的；商业（性）的n. 商业广告 commercial revolution 商业革命
联想记忆：commercialize商业化
【例句】Chewing gum, once bought primarily by adolescent boys, is now featured in commercials as a breath freshener
and teeth cleanser for use after a meal. 口香糖曾经主要由青春期男孩购买，现在作为一种呼吸清新剂和洁牙剂出现在
商业广告中，供饭后使用。
addition /əˈdɪʃn/ n.（增）加，加法；附加（物） in addition 此外
联想记忆：additionally此外
【例句】In addition , another important factor that cannot be ignored is that people has changed their outlook on life.此外，
另一个不容忽视的重要因素是人们的人生观发生了变化。
advertisement /ədˈvɜ:tɪsmənt/ n.（登）广告；公告 Corporate Advertisement企业广告
联想记忆：advertising广告活动

【例句】We should fully bring its benefits out, but always be on alert that the spam messages will be took advantage by the
criminals and fake advertisements makers.我们应该充分发挥它的优势，但要时刻警惕，垃圾邮件会被犯罪分子和虚
假广告制作者利用。

aide /eɪd/ n.助手 home health aide 家庭护理
联想记忆：unaided独立的
【例句】Crop pickers, violinists, construction workers, entrepreneurs, engineers, home health-care aides and physicists are
among today’s birds of passage.摘庄稼的人、小提琴手、建筑工人、企业家、工程师、家庭保健助理和物理学家都是
当今的过客。
crisis /ˈkraɪsɪs/ n. 危机，危急关头；关键时刻 economic crisis经济危机
联想记忆：criticism批评
【例句】Bankers’ excessive risk- taking is a significant cause of this financial crisis .银行家过度冒险是这次金融危机的
一个重要原因。
critic /ˈkrɪtɪk/ n. 批评家，评论家 art critic 艺术批评家
联想记忆：criticism批评、criticize批评
【例句】 Critics make three main arguments against gene patents.批评者对基因专利提出了三个主要论点。
cycle /ˈsaɪkl/ n. 循环，周期vi. 循环 cycle penalty 循环障碍
联想记忆：cyclone旋风、cyclist骑自行车的人
【例句】It would be a mistake to think we are right now simply experiencing the painful side of a boom and bust cycle.
如果认为我们现在只是在经历繁荣和萧条周期中痛苦的一面，那将是一个错误。
compensation /ˌkɒmpenˈseɪʃn/ n. 补偿，赔偿 advance compensation 预付补偿金
联想记忆：compensate补偿、competitive竞争的
【例句】The compensation arrangements for executives of the big banks and other financial firms are coming under close
examination again.大银行和其他金融公司高管的薪酬安排再次受到密切关注。
conference /ˈkɒnfərəns/ n. 讨论，会谈；（正式）会议 video Conference 视频会议
联想记忆：teleconference电话会议
【例句】Basic requirements are proficiency in English and familiarity with the theme of the conference. 基本要求是精通
英语，熟悉会议主题。
confidence/ˈkɒnfɪdəns/ n. 信任，信心，自信；秘密 confidence level [统计] 置信水平
联想记忆：confidential机密的、confidentiality保密性
【例句】During the Depression and the war, Americans had learned to live with less, and that restraint, in combination with
the postwar confidence in the future, made small, efficient housing positively stylish.在大萧条和战争期间，美国人学会了
少住，这种克制，再加上战后对未来的信心，使小而高效的住房变得非常时髦。
device /dɪˈvaɪs/ n. 装置，设备，器械；手段，策略 protection device 保护设备
联想记忆：devise发明
【例句】Mechanical devices were widely used.机械装置被广泛使用。
employer /ɪmˈplɔɪə(r)/ n. 雇佣者，雇主 immediate employer直接雇主
联想记忆：employee受雇者
【例句】There are concerns that government, e mployers , and marketers might be able to access these data, thereby
violating our privacy.有人担心政府、雇主和营销人员可能会访问这些数据，从而侵犯我们的隐私。

expense /ɪkˈspens/ n. 花费；(pl.) 开支 Finance expense 财务费用
联想记忆：expensive昂贵的
【例句】While climate is a key element, it shouldn’t come at the expense of the rest of the equation.虽然气候是一个关键
因素，但它不应以牺牲其他因素为代价。
contrast /ˈkɒntrɑ:st/ v./n.（形成）对比，对照 in contrast to 和…形成对比
联想记忆：contradict反驳
【例句】The Olympic bidders, by contrast , wanted to get more people doing sports and to produce more elite athletes.相比
之下，申办奥运会的人则希望让更多的人参加体育运动，培养更多的优秀运动员。
guarantee /ˌɡærənˈti:/ n. 保证（书）vt. 保证，担保 banking guarantee 银行保证书
联想记忆：guarantor 担保人
【例句】You had better have more communication with foreigners, which guarantees that you have a deep understanding
of foreign culture.你最好多和外国人交流，这保证你对外国文化有深刻的了解。
happiness /ˈhæpinəs/ n. 幸福，幸运，快乐 Family happiness天伦之乐
联想记忆：unhappiness不幸
【例句】Money may not quite buy happiness , but people in wealthier countries are generally happier than those in poor
ones.金钱未必能买到幸福，但富裕国家的人通常比贫穷国家的人幸福。
fashion /ˈfæʃn/ n. 方式，样子；流行款式，时装 after a fashion还过得去；还算可以
联想记忆：refashion重新设计、fashionable流行的
【例句】My dream has always been to work somewhere in an area between fashion and publishing.我的梦想一直是在时
尚和出版之间的某个领域工作。
flash /flæʃ/ n. 闪光（灯）vi. 闪光，闪烁；飞驰，掠过 in a flash 一刹那间
联想记忆：flashy穿着奢华的、flashback 倒叙
【例句】Subjects exposed to fast-food flashes also tend to think a musical piece lasts too long.接触快餐闪光的受试者也
倾向于认为音乐作品持续时间太长。
formation /fɔ:ˈmeɪʃn/ n. 形成（物），构成 land formation 平整土地、开拓土地
联想记忆：formative有持续重大影响的
【例句】 A working group has included the possibility of formation flying in a blueprint for new operational guidelines.
一个工作组已将编队飞行的可能性列入新的行动准则蓝图。
label /ˈleɪbl/ n. 标签，标记；称号 vt.贴标签于；把……称为 food label 食品标签
联想记忆：mislabel贴错标签
【例句】 Today we have a tendency to label obesity as a disgrace.今天我们倾向于将肥胖看成不光彩的事。
monopoly /məˈnɒpəli/ n. 垄断（物、商品），专卖商品 monopoly earnings垄断利润
联想记忆：monopolize 垄断
【例句】 What matters is that they will belong to a private monopoly which developed them using public resources. 重要
的是，它们将属于使用公共资源开发它们的私人垄断。
neglect /nɪˈglekt/ vt./n. 忽视，忽略；疏忽 neglect duty 玩忽职守
联想记忆：neglection忽略、neglectful马虎的

【例句】The fact cannot be neglected that most of the staff under their forties cannot see the slightest prospect of promotion.
不可忽视的事实是，大多数 40 岁以下的工作人员看不到晋升的希望。

notion /ˈnəʊʃn/ n. 概念，观念；意图，想法 decadence notion颓废观念
联想记忆：notional猜测的
【例句】It’s time to reinvent the formula for how work is conducted, since we are still relying on a very 20th century notion
of work.现在是重新设计工作方式的时候了，因为我们仍然依赖 20 世纪的工作理念。
pace /peɪs/ n. 步（速），速度，节奏 vi．踱步 keep/hold pace with 跟上
联想记忆：pacemaker领跑人
【例句】On the one hand, with a fast pace of industrialization and economic development, more workforce are needed in
the city’s all walks of life.一方面，随着工业化和经济的快速发展，城市各行各业需要更多的劳动力。
politics /ˈpɒlətɪks/ n. [单数性]政治（学）；[复数性]政纲，政见 power politics 强权政治
联想记忆：metapolitics抽象政治
【例句】And ultimately, it is likely to reshape our politics , our culture, and the character of our society for years.最终，它
很可能会重塑我们的政治、文化和社会特征。
privilege /ˈprɪvəlɪdʒ/ n. 特权，优惠 access privilege存取特权、访问特权
联想记忆：underprivileged贫苦的、机遇少的
【例句】Readers of “Happy Money” are clearly a privileged lot, anxious about fulfillment, not hunger.《Happy Money》
的读者显然是特权阶层，他们担心的是满足感，而不是饥饿感。
profit /ˈprɒfɪt/ n. 利润；收益 v. 有益于；得益 marginal profit[会计]边际利润
联想记忆：profitable 赢利的
【例句】Even American newspapers, have not only survived but often returned to profit .即使是美国的报纸，也不仅幸存
下来，而且经常重新盈利。
proportion /prəˈpɔ:ʃn/ n. 比例；部分；均衡，相称 direct proportion正比
联想记忆：proportionate成比例的、proportionality恰当性
【例句】The pie chart above presents the different proportion of residents’ consumption in a Chinese city during Spring
Festival.上面的饼图显示了春节期间中国城市居民消费的不同比例。
range /reɪndʒ/ n.（变动）范围；一系列 v. 变动；涉及；使排列成行 range from…to 从…到…（不等）
联想记忆：ranger园林管理员、arrange安排
【例句】Not everyone will agree with the authors’ policy ideas, which range from mandating more holiday time to reducing
tax incentives for American homebuyers.并非所有人都会同意作者的政策主张，从规定更多的假期到减少对美国购房
者的税收优惠。
reality /riˈæləti/ n. 现实，实际；真实 with reality逼真地
联想记忆： unreality非现实性
【例句】Healthy optimism means being in touch with reality .健康的乐观意味着接触现实。
restriction /rɪˈstrɪkʃn/ n. 限制，约束 restriction factor制约因素
联想记忆： restrictive限制性的
【例句】Stephenson suggested potential restrictions could include banning TV advertisements for foods high in fat, salt or
sugar before the 9 pm and limiting them on billboards or in cinemas.Stephenson 建议，可能的限制措施包括禁止在晚上 9
点前在电视上播放高脂肪、高盐或高糖食品的广告，并限制在广告牌或电影院播放。

security /sɪˈkjʊərəti/ n. 安全，安定，保证 Security Department保安部
联想记忆： insecurity 不安全
【例句】 Setting the proper investment level for security , redundancy, and recovery is a management issue, not a technical
one.为数据安全、备份及恢复设立恰当的投资标准是一个管理问题，而不是技术问题。
storage /ˈstɔ:rɪdʒ/ n. 储藏（量），保管；库房 data storage数据存储
联想记忆：vintage 酿造年份
【例句】But a boost in the storage capacity of batteries is making their ability to keep power flowing around the clock more
likely. 但电池存储容量的提高，使得它们保持 24 小时不间断供电的能力变得更有可能。
style /staɪl/ n. 风格；式样；时尚 vt.（根据新款式）设计 in style 时髦
联想记忆：stylish 时髦的
【例句】Facebook ,therefore ,is a self-enhancer’s paradise, where people can share only the most flattering photos, the
cream of their wit , style ,beauty and lifestyle. 因此，Facebook是一个自我提升的天堂，在那里人们只能分享最讨人喜
欢的照片，分享他们智慧、风格、美丽和生活方式的精华。
surplus /ˈsɜ:pləs/ n. 剩余，盈余a. 过剩的，多余的 earned surplus 盈余公积
联想记忆：surplusage多余的
【例句】Planning ahead should eliminate wastage, but if you have surplus vegetables you’ll do a vegetable soup. 提前计
划可以消除浪费，但如果你有多余的蔬菜，你会做蔬菜汤。
survival /səˈvaɪvl/ n. 幸存（者），残存物 survival value [生物] 生存值
联想记忆：survivalist 求生训练学员、survive 生存
【例句】 The US can help halt the worst effects of climate change and ensure the survival of its way of life for future
generations.美国可以帮助阻止气候变化的最坏影响，确保子孙后代的生存方式。
target /ˈtɑ:gɪt/ n. 目标，对象，靶子 vt. 瞄准 production target生产指标
联想记忆：targe目标单元
【例句】 That is how we have put a giant target sign on the backs of American workers.我们就是这样在美国工人的背上
贴上一个巨大的目标标志的。
tendency /ˈtendənsi/ n. 趋向，趋势 technical tendency 技术动向
联想记忆：tendence趋势
【例句】 Today we have a tendency to label obesity as a disgrace.今天我们倾向于将肥胖看成不光彩的事。
tradition /trəˈdɪʃn/ n. 惯列，传统 tradition writing 传统写作
联想记忆：traditional 传统的、extradition引渡（逃犯）
【例句】 In discussing the US jury system, the text centers on its tradition and development.在讨论美国陪审制度时，本
文主要围绕其传统和发展展开。
union /ˈju:niən/ n. 工会，同盟；联合；一致 Homeland Union祖国联盟
联想记忆：unionist统一主义者
【例句】Will the European Union make it? 欧盟会成功吗？
wisdom /ˈwɪzdəm/ n. 智慧，明智；格言，名言 Wisdom Literature 智慧文学
联想记忆：random 任意

【例句】Further contradicting conventional wisdom , we found that women as well as men have lower levels of stress at
work than at home. 与传统观点相矛盾的是，我们发现女性和男性在工作中的压力水平都低于家庭。

register /ˈredʒɪstə(r)/ n./v. 登记，注册 register with 注册,登记
联想记忆：registration登记
【例句】Only registered users whose identities have been authenticated could navigate those systems.只有身份经过验证
的注册用户才能在这些系统中导航。
acquisition /ˌækwɪˈzɪʃn/ n. 获得（物），取得 land acquisition土地征用
联想记忆：re-acquisition二次采集
【例句】Other scientists perform the specialised work of peer review also for free, because it is a central element in the
acquisition of status and the production of scientific knowledge.其他科学家也免费进行同行评议的专门工作，因为它是
获得地位和生产科学知识的核心要素。
assignment /əˈsaɪnmənt/ n.（分派的）任务；分配，委派 government assignment政府划拨
联想记忆：assign分配
【例句】From the perspective of graduate students, they have much more time for taking a part-time job when they have
required assignment finished.从研究生的角度来看，当他们完成了要求的作业时，他们有更多的时间做兼职。
candidate /ˈkændɪdət/ n. 侯选人；应考者 candidate species可替代的物质
联想记忆：candidacy候选人的资格
【例句】Many complain that it has been difficult to find experienced candidates .许多人抱怨很难找到有经验的候选人。
circumstance /ˈsɜ:kəmstəns/ n. 环境，条件，形势；（pl.）境况，状况 exsisting circumstance生存环境
联想记忆：circumstantial视情况而定的
【例句】A resuming theme is that as circumstances change, different sorts of leaders are required.一个恢复的主题是，随
着环境的变化，需要不同类型的领导人。
colleague /ˈkɒli:g/ n. 同事，同僚 colleague Level 员工层面
联想记忆：collection收集物、colleage同事，大学
【例句】Write a letter to your American colleague to express your thanks for his warm reception.给你的美国同事写封信，
对他的热情接待表示感谢。
complaint /kəmˈpleɪnt/ n. 抱怨；控告；疾病 complaint center 投诉中心
联想记忆：complain抱怨
【例句】But one specific complaint is made especially mournfully: There’s never any time to read.但有一个特别令人悲哀
的抱怨是：从来没有时间阅读。
conclusion /kənˈklu:ʒn/ n. 结尾；推论，结论 in conclusion 最后、总而言之
联想记忆：conclusive结论性的
【例句】But modem leadership theorists have come to the opposite conclusion .但现代领导理论界却得出了相反的结论。
congress /ˈkɒŋgres/ n. 代表大会；[C]国会，议会 American Congress 美国国会
联想记忆：congressional立法机构的
【例句】In 1968, the Congress of the United States passed the Jury Selection and Service Act, ushering in a new era of
democratic reforms for the jury. 1968 年，美国国会通过了《陪审员选拔和服务法》，开创了陪审员民主改革的新时代。
connection /kəˈnekʃn/ n. 连接，联系 in connection with 与…有关

联想记忆：connectivity连接(度)
【例句】Before explaining the connection to the Obamacare, it is worth making an important distinction.在解释与奥巴马
医改的关系之前，有必要做一个重要的区分。

context /ˈkɒntekst/ n. 上下文，语境；环境，背景 out of context 脱离上下文
联想记忆：contextualize将…置于背景中考虑、contextualization上下文分析
【例句】 The context of leadership is changing, the observe, and the historical emphasis on hard power is becoming
outdated. 领导环境在变化，观察和历史上对硬权力的强调已经过时。
economics /ˌi:kəˈnɒmɪks/ n. 经济学；(pl.) 经济状况 development economics 发展经济学
联想记忆：macroeconomics宏观经济学
【例句】 At its peak in 2007 it was worth some $65 billion, reckons Clare Mc Andrew, founder of Arts Economics. 艺术经
济学创始人Clare Mc Andrew估计，在 2007 年的巅峰时期，它的价值约为 650 亿美元。
efficiency /ɪˈfɪʃnsi/ n. 效率，效能，功效 working efficiency[工经]工作效率
联想记忆：efficient效率高的
【例句】 However, Google and other big tech providers monitor their efficiency closely and make improvements.然而，谷
歌和其他大型技术提供商密切监控他们的效率并做出改进。
essay /ˈeseɪ/ n. 短文，文章 essay question 论述题
联想记忆：essayist 论说文(或小品文等)作者
【例句】 In this section, you are asked to write an essay based on the following information.在这一节中，要求你根据以
下信息写一篇文章。
failure /ˈfeɪljə(r)/ n. 没做到；失败 failure rate [计] 失效率
联想记忆：failed失败的
【例句】 Completeness is to blame for the failure of newspaper.报纸的失败应归咎于完备性。
fiction /ˈfɪkʃn/ n. [总称]小说；虚构 documentary fiction 纪实小说
联想记忆：fictional虚构的
【例句】And so he reads—everything from encyclopedias to science fiction novels. 所以他阅读了从百科全书到科幻小
说的所有东西。
harm /hɑ:m/ n./vt. 伤害，损害，危害 reduce harm降低危害
联想记忆：harmful 有害的
【例句】The whirlwind that swept through newsrooms harmed everybody, but much of the damage has been concentrated
in areas where newspapers are least distinctive. 席卷新闻编辑室的旋风伤害了所有人，但大部分损害集中在报纸最不
显眼的地区。
folk /fəʊk/ n. (常pl.) 人们a. 民间的 folk music 民间音乐
联想记忆：menfolk 男人、folky常见的
【例句】Meanwhile, many settlers had slighter religious commitments than Dane’s ,as one clergyman learned in confronting
folk along the coast who mocked that they had not come to the New World for religion.与此同时，许多人并不似戴恩一样
如此信奉宗教，正如一位牧师的经验之谈：在海边与人攀谈时，渔民嘲弄他说，他们可不是为了宗教才来到新大陆。
excess /ɪkˈses/ n. 超越；过量，过度a．过量的，额外的 excess liquidity流动性过剩
联想记忆：excessive过分的

【例句】It has not occurred against the background of general commodity price inflation and global excess demand. 这次
（油价上升）并非发生在物价普遍上涨以及全球性需求过度的背景下。

ideal /aɪˈdi:əl/ n. 理想的东西(或人)a. 理想的；想像的 attain one’s ideal 达到理想
联想记忆：idealize将……视为理想
【例句】But, when one considers the obstacles to achieving the meritocratic ideal , it does look as if a fairer world must be
temporarily ordered. 但是，当人们考虑到实现精英理想的障碍时，看起来确实需要暂时安排一个更公平的世界。
immigrant /ˈɪmɪgrənt/ n. 移民，侨民 illegal immigrant非法移民
联想记忆：immigration移民、immigrate移居
【例句】About a quarter of all Italian immigrants , for example, eventually returned to Italy for good. 例如，大约四分之
一的意大利移民最终回到了意大利。
instance /ˈɪnstəns/ n. 例子，例证，事例 for instance例如
联想记忆：instantiate用具体例子说明
【例句】For instance , one of the apps the students are developing suggests movies based on your mood. 例如，学生们正
在开发一个根据你的心情推荐电影的应用程序 00000 。
instant /ˈɪnstənt/ n. 瞬间a. 立即的；紧急的；速溶的 instant message 即时通讯
联想记忆：instantaneous立即的、instantaneity迅速
【例句】I can pick a date from the past 53 years and know instantly where I was, what happened in the news and even the
day of the week.我可以从过去的 53 年中选择一个日期，立刻知道我在哪里，新闻里发生了什么，甚至一周中的哪一
天。
instrument /ˈɪnstrəmənt/ n. 仪器，器械，工具；乐器 scientific instrument 科学仪器
联想记忆：instrumental用乐器演奏的、instrumentalist乐器演奏者
【例句】Hot spots, anchored in the deeper layers of the earth, provide the measuring instruments needed to resolve the
question.位于地球深层结构的“热点”地区，为解决这一问题提供了测量工具。
insurance /ɪnˈʃʊərəns/ n. 保险(业,费) medical insurance 医疗保险
联想记忆：insurant被保险人
【例句】With the risks obvious and growing, a prudent people would take out an insurance policy now.随着这种很显而易
见风险的不断增加，一个审慎的民族现在便应该准备一份保险单了。
legislation /ˌledʒɪsˈleɪʃn/ n. 法律，法规；立法 industrial legislation工业立法
联想记忆：legislative立法的
【例句】The Europe Union is now considering legislation to compel corporate boards to maintain a certain proportion of
women — up to 60 percent.欧盟目前正在考虑立法，强制企业董事会保持一定比例的女性比例——高达60%。
leisure /ˈleʒə(r)/ n. 空闲时间，闲暇；悠闲 at leisure 闲散；悠闲
联想记忆：leisureless 无空闲的
【例句】These days, because leisure time is relatively scarce for most workers, people use their free time to counterbalance
the intellectual and emotional demands of their jobs.如今，由于大多数工人的闲暇时间相对较少，人们利用闲暇时间来
平衡工作中的智力和情感需求。
output /ˈaʊtpʊt/ n. 产量；输出(功率) vt. 输出(信息、数据等) output transformer[电]输出变压器
联想记忆：input投入

【例句】They found that the aircraft consumed as much as 15% less fuel (coupled with a reduction in carbon-dioxide
output ).他们发现这架飞机消耗的燃料减少了15%（同时二氧化碳的排放也减少了）。

phase /feɪz/ n. (方)面；阶段vt．分阶段实行(或计划) phase out 逐步淘汰
联想记忆：telophase 有丝分裂末期
【例句】I assumed that phase was something experts developed after years of research into children’s behavior: wrong.
我认为这个阶段是专家们经过多年对儿童行为的研究后发展出来的：错误的。
novel /ˈnɒvl/ n. (长篇)小说a．新颖的，新奇的 historical novel历史小说
联想记忆：novelty新奇
【例句】And so he reads—everything from encyclopedias to science fiction novels. 所以他阅读了从百科全书到科幻小
说的所有东西。
mode /məʊd/ n. 方式，式样 in mode 流行,合乎时尚
联想记忆：modern现代的
【例句】This chart reflects different developing modes of mobile phone industry in developed and developing countries.这
张图表反映了发达国家和发展中国家手机产业的不同发展模式。
outlook /ˈaʊtlʊk/ n. 观点；前景；景色 outlook on 对…的看法
联想记忆：outward外表的
【例句】In addition, another important factor that cannot be ignored is that people has changed their outlook on life.此外，
另一个不容忽视的重要因素是人们的人生观发生了变化。
prosperity /prɒˈsperəti/ n. 兴旺，繁荣 business prosperity 商业繁荣
联想记忆：prosperous繁荣的
【例句】We tend to think of the decades immediately following World War II as a time of prosperity and growth, with
soldiers returning home by the millions, going off to college on the G. I. Bill and lining up at the marriage bureaus.我们往
往认为二战后的几十年是一个繁荣和发展的时期，数以百万计的士兵回到家乡，靠着政府对退役军人的资助上大学
或在婚姻登记处排队办理结婚手续。
provision /prəˈvɪʒn/ n. 供应；条款，规定；(pl.)给养 provision accounts备抵账户
联想记忆：provisional临时的
【例句】This government does not want to see a return to large-scale provision of council housing.本届政府不希望看到大
规模提供议会住房的回归。
prejudice /ˈpredʒudɪs/ n. 偏见，成见vt. 使有偏见；对…不利 prejudice politically 政治性地偏见
联想记忆：unprejudiced公正的
【例句】It needs to put historical prejudices to one side and take some steps to address our urgent housing need.它需要把
历史偏见放在一边，并采取一些措施来解决我们迫切的住房需求。
presence /ˈprezns/ n. 出席，存在；仪态 presence of mind 沉着
联想记忆：omnipresence 无所不在
【例句】But acknowledging fire’s inevitable presence in human life is an attitude crucial to developing the laws, policies,
and practices that make it as safe as possible, she says.但她说，承认火灾在人类生活中不可避免的存在，是制定使火灾
尽可能安全的法律、政策和做法的关键态度。
recovery /rɪˈkʌvəri/ n. 痊愈；重获，恢复 recovery from 恢复
联想记忆：recover恢复、recovering恢复

【例句】 Setting the proper investment level for security, redundancy, and recovery is a management issue, not a technical
one.为数据安全、备份及恢复设立恰当的投资标准是一个管理问题，而不是技术问题。

reference /ˈrefrəns/ n. 提到；参考(书目)；推荐信(或人) reference price参考价
联想记忆：referendum全民投票、refer 提及
【例句】 Moreover, reading more reference books will help you accumulate more knowledge and terms, which will boost
your competitiveness in campus.此外，多读参考书有助于你积累更多的知识和术语，从而提高你在校园的竞争力。
reform /rɪˈfɔ:m/ vt./n. 改革，改良vi. 改正，改过自新 democratic reform民主改革
联想记忆：reformist 改革派的
【例句】In 1968, the Congress of the United States passed the Jury Selection and Service Act, ushering in a new era of
democratic reforms for the jury.1968年，美国国会通过了《陪审员选拔和服务法》，开创了陪审员民主改革的新时代。
region /ˈri:dʒən/ n. 地区，区域；范围，幅度 polar region 极地
联想记忆：regional区域的、regionalism地域特征
【例句】These might include threats to freeze EU funds for poorer regions and EU mega-projects and even the suspension
of a country’s voting rights in EU ministerial councils.其中可能包括威胁冻结欧盟对贫困地区和欧盟大型项目的资金，
甚至暂停一个国家在欧盟部长理事会的投票权。
regret /rɪˈgret/ v./n. 懊悔，遗憾，抱歉 regret to do 对要做的事遗憾
联想记忆：regretful后悔的
【例句】Yet satisfaction with these material purchases wears off fairly quickly what was once exciting and new becomes
old-hat; regret creeps in.然而，对这些材料采购的满足感很快就消失了，曾经令人兴奋的东西很快就过时了；遗憾悄
悄地涌上心头。
schedule /ˈʃedju:l/ n. 时刻表；清单vt. 安排 repayment schedule还款计划
联想记忆：reschedule 将…改期
【例句】It’s important that we schedule in time to enjoy the things we love.重要的是我们要及时安排好享受我们所爱的
东西。
screen /skri:n/ n. 屏幕，银幕；帘，纱窗vt. 遮蔽；播放 blue screen蓝屏
联想记忆：screenshot屏幕截图
【例句】With so much focus on children’s use of screens , it’s easy for parents to forget about their own screen use.对孩子
使用电子设备给予太多关注，很容易让父母忘记自己也使用电子设备。
significance /sɪgˈnɪfɪkəns/ n. 意义，含义；重要性，重大 realistic significance 现实意义
联想记忆：insignificance无足轻重
【例句】The main idea of the passage might be the significance of Henric Ibsen’s play.文章的主要思想可能是易卜生戏
剧的意义。
slip /slɪp/ vi. 滑(倒)；溜走；下降n. 疏漏vt．悄悄放进 slip away 溜走
联想记忆：slipper拖鞋、slipshod马虎的
【例句】Skin moisturizers are advertised as part of morning beauty rituals, slipped in between hair brushing and putting on
makeup.早上化妆需抹保湿霜，这让保湿霜的使用悄悄地成为梳头和上妆之间的必要程序。
solution /səˈlu:ʃn/ n. 解答，解决(办法);溶液 saline solution生理盐水
联想记忆：resolution正式决定

【例句】But the article is actually quite optimistic, as it outlines a potential solution to this problem.但这篇文章实际上相
当乐观，因为它勾勒出了解决这个问题的潜在方案。

strategy /ˈstrætədʒi/ n. 战略，策略 military strategy 军事战略
联想记忆：strategical战略的
【例句】And yet by devising a consistent strategy that mixes and blends pragmatism with ambition, the US can help halt
the worst effects of climate change and ensure the survival of its way of life for future generations.然而，通过制定一项将
实用主义与雄心壮志相结合的一贯战略，美国可以帮助阻止气候变化的最坏影响，并确保子孙后代的生活方式得以
生存。
stream /stri:m/ n. 溪流；一股，一串vi. 流出 be/come on stream投产；投入使用
联想记忆：downstream顺流而下
【例句】We must pour out a large stream of essential words, unhampered by stops, or qualifying adjectives, or finite verbs.
我们必须大量使用基本词汇，摆脱句号、修饰性形容词及限定动词的羁绊。
transition /trænˈzɪʃn/ n. 过渡，转变 transition to 向…过渡
联想记忆：transitional过渡性的
【例句】In previous eras of drastic technological change, entrepreneurs smoothed the transition by dreaming up ways to
combine labor and machines.在前一个技术剧烈变革的时代，企业家们通过想方设法将劳动力和机器结合起来，使转
型顺利进行。
transport /ˈtrænspɔ:t/ n. 运输(系统)，运输工具 public transport [交] 公共交通
联想记忆：transportation 流放
【例句】And driving habits began to change, as sales of small cars jumped and mass transport systems across the country
reported a sharp increase in riders.随着小型车销量猛增，全国各地的大众运输系统报告乘客数量急剧增加，驾驶习惯
也开始改变。
trial /ˈtraɪəl/ n. 审讯；考验，试验 clinical trial临床试验
联想记忆：retrial复审
【例句】Defendants are immune from trial by their peer.被告可免受同龄人的审判。
violence /ˈvaɪələns/ n. 暴力；猛烈，剧烈 family violence 家庭暴力
联想记忆：non-violence非暴力政策
【例句】Men go to war and are exposed to combat stress. Men are exposed to more acts of random physical violence.
男人走上战场，承受着战斗的压力。男性承受更多随机的身体上的暴力行为。
dependent /dɪˈpendənt/ a. 依靠的，依赖的；取决于 dependent on/upon sth有瘾的
联想记忆：independent独立的
【例句】Compared with their American counterparts, Japanese newspapers are much more stable because they are less
dependent on advertising.与美国同行相比，日本报纸更为稳定，因为它们对广告的依赖性较小。
stability /stəˈbɪləti/ n.稳定,安定 storage stability贮存稳定性
联想记忆：instability不稳固
【例句】The health of its people and the stability of its economy is of utmost importance.人民的健康和经济的稳定至关
重要。
succession /səkˈseʃn/ n.连续,系列;继任 plant succession 植物演替
联想记忆：successive连续的

【例句】The art market had witnessed a succession of victories.艺术市场见证了一系列的胜利。

accident /ˈæksɪdənt/ n.事故 radiation accident放射性事故
联想记忆：accidentally偶然地
【例句】 Finally, Toyota brake error accidents significantly affects Japanese autos’ reputations and images. 最后，丰田刹
车失误事故严重影响了日本汽车的声誉和形象。
acquaintance /əˈkweɪntəns/ n.熟人，熟事 agreeable acquaintance令人愉快的相识
联想记忆：acquaintant熟悉的
【例句】 It is such a great pleasure to make your acquaintance , therefore, I can not help but introduce myself as well as
some of my living habits in order that we can enjoy a harmonious relationship.很高兴认识你，因此，我不得不介绍一下
我自己以及我的一些生活习惯，以便我们能享受一个和谐的关系。
address /əˈdres/ n.地址，演讲 v.处理，解决 business address营业地址
联想记忆：addressee收信人
【例句】It needs to put historical prejudices to one side and take some steps to address our urgent housing need.它需要把
历史偏见放在一边，并采取一些措施来解决我们迫切的住房需求。
equipment /ɪˈkwɪpmənt/ n.设备,装置;才能 microinching equipment 微动装置
联想记忆：equip装备
【例句】 Traditionally, legal learning has been viewed in such institutions as the special preserve of lawyers, rather than a
necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person.传统而言，此类院校一般视法律的学习为律师所专用
的特权，而非将其视作每位受教育之人所应必备的知识才能。
equivalent/ɪˈkwɪvələnt/ a.(to)相等的n.相等物 equivalent equation 等价方程式
联想记忆：equivalence相等
【例句】 But they were popular because of their airy glass walls, the views they afforded and the elegance of the buildings’
details and proportions, the architectural equivalen t of the abstract art so popular at the time.但它们之所以受欢迎，是因为
它们通风的玻璃墙，它们所提供的景观，以及建筑细节和比例的优雅，这是当时非常流行的抽象艺术的建筑等价物。
conjunction /kənˈdʒʌŋkʃn/ n.接合，连接;连(接)词 coordinating conjunction并列连词
联想记忆：conjunctive连接的
【例句】 Today, widespread social pressure to immediately go to college in conjunction with increasingly high
expectations in a fast-moving world often causes students to completely overlook the possibility of taking a gap year.如今，
（高中毕业后）即刻入读大学这一普遍的社会压力，加之日新月异的世界对学生越来越高的要求（期望），往往导
致学生完全忽视选择间隔年这一可能。
subject /ˈsʌbdʒɪkt/ n.主题a.隶属的 subject to受制于
联想记忆：subjective主观的
【例句】 An inexperienced businessman is not subject to the new law.没有经验的商人不受新法律的约束。
objective /əbˈdʒektɪv/ n.目标a.客观的 financial objective财政目标
联想记忆：objectivity客观性
【例句】 Generally speaking ,the author’s attitude toward gene patenting is o bjective .总的来说，作者对基因专利的态度
是客观的。
administration /ədˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃn/ n.管理 data administration 数据管理

联想记忆：maladministration腐败
【例句】 In March, for the first time,wind and solar power accounted for more than 10 percent of the power generated in the
US, reported the US Energy Information Administration .据美国能源信息署报道，今年 3 月，风能和太阳能首次占美国
总发电量的10%以上。

reverse /rɪˈvɜ:s/ n.相反a.相反的 reverse mortgage 反向抵押贷款
联想记忆：reversible正反两用的
【例句】Yet we can reverse such influences.然而，我们可以扭转这种影响。
version /ˈvɜ:ʃn/ n.版本;译本;说法 version information版本信息
联想记忆：reversion倒退
【例句】They portray an idealized version of themselves.他们描绘了一个理想化的自己。
airline/ˈeəlaɪn/ n.航线，航空公司 airline traveling 飞机旅行
联想记忆：hairline发际线
【例句】It might also be hard for airlines to co-ordinate the departure times and destinations of passenger aircraft in a way
that would allow them to gain from formation flight.每架客机的起飞时间与目的地都不相同，要协调它们编队飞行很
难。
department/dɪˈpɑ:tmənt/ n.部门;系 fire department 消防部门
联想记忆：departmental部门的
【例句】A Department of Health spokesperson said: “We need to create a new vision for public health.”卫生部发言人说：
“我们需要为公众健康创造一个新的愿景。”
departure/dɪˈpɑ:tʃə(r)/ n.离开，起程 departure airport 离港时间
联想记忆：depart离开
【例句】It might also be hard for airlines to co-ordinate the departure times and destinations of passenger aircraft in a way
that would allow them to gain from formation flight.每架客机的起飞时间与目的地都不相同，要协调它们编队飞行很
难。
application/ˌæplɪˈkeɪʃn/ n.申请；应用 application fee[专利]申请费
联想记忆：misapplication不正当使用
【例句】This isn’t surprising, considering the basic mandatory high school curriculum leaves students with a poor
understanding of themselves listing one major on their college applications .这并不奇怪，因为高中那些必修的基础课程
不能让学生对大学里广泛的专业选择有足够的了解。
routine/ru:ˈti:n/ n.常规 a.常规的 master routine 主程序
联想记忆：routing使溃败
【例句】According to Jenny Radesky, digital products are designed to simplify routine matters. Jenny Radesky认为，数
字产品的设计是为了简化日常事务。
asset/ˈæset/ n.资产 fixed asset固定资产
联想记忆：basset短腿猎犬
【例句】Facebook acquired WhatsApp for its physical assets. Facebook收购WhatsApp是因为它的有形资产。
content/‘kɒntent/ n.容量a.满足的 Job content工作内容
联想记忆：discontent不满

【例句】While their parents were content to work long hours, young people value flexibility.虽然他们的父母满足于长时
间工作，但年轻人重视灵活性。

attribute/əˈtrɪbju:t/ v.归属于 n.属性 attribute to 把…归因于
联想记忆：attributable可归因于
【例句】Over time, the attributes of greatness shifted. 随着时间的推移，伟大的属性发生了变化。
augment/ɔ:gˈment/ n./v.增大，增强 accumulate augment积累增益
联想记忆：attributable可归因于
【例句】Machines can augment human labor rather than replace it. 机器可以增加人的劳动，而不是取代它。
value/ˈvælju:/ n.价值v.评价 present value [金融] 现值
联想记忆：valueless无价值的
【例句】 Sustainability-oriented values must be expressed through everyday action and choice.必须通过日常行动和选择
来表达以可持续性为导向的价值观。
budget/ˈbʌdʒɪt/ n.预算 personal budget 个人预算
联想记忆：fussbudget大惊小怪的人
【例句】There are so many people in a much worse state, with barely any money to spend on food ,but eating well on a
budget .有那么多人处于一个更糟糕的状态，几乎没有钱花在食物上，但是在预算内吃得很好。
democracy /dɪˈmɒkrəsi/ n.民主,民主制,民主国家 social democracy 社会主义
联想记忆：democratic民主的
【例句】The jury is also said to be the best surviving example of direct rather than representative democracy .陪审团也被
认为是直接民主而非代议制民主现存的最好例子。
epidemic /ˌepɪˈdemɪk/ a.流行性的n.流行病 epidemic factor 发病因素
联想记忆：epidemiologist 流行病学专业人员
【例句】The outbreak of swine flu that was first detected in Mexico was declared a global epidemic on June 11, 2009. 2009
年 6 月 11 日，首次在墨西哥发现的猪流感疫情被宣布为全球性疫情。
passion/ˈpæʃn/ n.热情，激情；激怒 passion for 热爱
联想记忆：passionate热诚的
【例句】We would see much less frequent use of terms like journey, mission, passion .我们会发现，像旅行、使命、激情
这样的词汇使用得不那么频繁。
campaign/kæmˈpeɪn/ n. 战役；运动 presidential campaign总统竞选
联想记忆：campaigner 运动领导者
【例句】The issue cropped up in the presidential campaign .这个问题在总统竞选中突然出现。
champion/ˈtʃæmpiən/ n.冠军,得胜者;拥护者v.为…而斗争；捍卫; 声援 Olympic champion 奥林匹克冠军
联想记忆：championship锦标赛
【例句】In The Prince, he championed cunning, ruthlessness, and boldness, rather than virtue, mercy and justice, as the
skills of successful leaders.在《王子》中，他提倡狡猾、冷酷和大胆，而不是美德、仁慈和正义，作为成功领导者的
技能。
campus/ˈkæmpəs/ n.(大学)校园 on campus 在校园

联想记忆：hippocampus海马
【例句】 Moreover, reading more reference books will help you accumulate more knowledge and terms, which will boost
your competitiveness in campus .此外，多读参考书有助于你积累更多的知识和术语，从而提高你在校园的竞争力。

career/kəˈrɪə(r)/ n.(个人的)事业;生涯，职业 career objective 职业目标
联想记忆：careerist事业狂
【例句】 Then his marriage failed, his career burned out and his drinking became serious. 后来，他的婚姻失败了，事
业一蹶不振，酗酒也成了严重的问题。
case/keɪs/ n.箱,盒;情况;病例 in any case 不管怎样
联想记忆：encase把…装箱
【例句】In the former case the education is incidental; it is natural and important, but it is not the express reason of the
association.对于前者而言，教育是偶然的，自然并且重要，但它不是这种联系存在的特别的理由。
cause /kɔ:z/ n.原因 v.引起 main cause主因
联想记忆：because因为
【例句】Firms are now studying how genes interact, looking for correlations that might be used to determine the causes of
disease or predict a drug’s efficacy.公司现在正在研究基因如何相互作用，寻找可能用于确定疾病原因或预测药物疗效
的相关性。
celebrity /səˈlebrəti/ n.名人;著名，名声 celebrity effect 明星效应
联想记忆：celebrate庆祝、celebration庆典
【例句】He has also criticized the celebrity chef Jamie Oliver’s high-profile attempt to improve school lunches in England
as an example of how “lecturing” people was not the best way to change their behavior.他还批评了著名厨师杰米·奥利弗
（Jamie Oliver）高调改善英国学校午餐的做法，认为这是一个例子，说明“训导”人们并不是改变他们行为的最佳
方式。
material /məˈtɪəriəl/ n.材料a.物质的 superhard material 超硬材料
联想记忆：materialize实现
【例句】Yet satisfaction with these material purchases wears off fairly quickly what was once exciting and new becomes
old-hat; regret creeps in.然而，对这些材料采购的满足感很快就消失了，曾经令人兴奋的东西很快就过时了；遗憾悄
悄地涌上心头。
compromise /ˈkɔmprəmaiz/ n.妥协vi.妥协 compromise potential 平衡电位
联想记忆：uncompromised不妥协的
【例句】According to Paragraph 1, Ms. Simmons was criticized for refusing to make compromises .根据文章第一段可知，
Ms. Simmons被批评是因为拒绝做出妥协。
reputation /ˌrepjuˈteɪʃn/ n.名誉,名声,声望 Academic Reputation 学术声誉
联想记忆：reputable声誉好的
【例句】A turbulent business environment also has senior managers cautious of letting vague pronouncements cloud their
reputations .动荡不安的商业环境也使得高级经理们谨小慎微，以免模糊表态影响声誉。
revelation /ˌrevəˈleɪʃn/ n.揭示,揭露,显示 Special Revelation 特殊启示
联想记忆：revelate陶醉
【例句】Before each of their revelations , many thinkers at the time had sustained more ancient ways of thinking, including
the geocentric view that the Earth was at the centre of our universe. 在每个真理被揭示之前，当时的许多思想家都维持
着更古老的思维方式，其中包括认为地球是宇宙中心的地球中心说。

offer /ˈɒfə(r)/ v.提供n.提议 accept an offer 接受建议
联想记忆：proffer 提出
【例句】Government could offer more friendly policies to China autos manufacturers to encourage quality improvement
and technology innovation.政府可以向中国汽车制造商提供更为友好的政策，以鼓励质量改进和技术创新。
transfer /trænsˈfɜ:(r)/ vt./n.转移;转换;转让 transfer agent 转让代理人
联想记忆：transference转移
【例句】Translated, that means politicians intervening in monetary policy and a system of redistribution from richer to
poorer members, via cheaper borrowing for governments through common Eurobonds or complete fiscal transfers .换言之，
这意味着政客们干预货币政策和一个从富裕成员国到贫穷成员国的再分配体系，通过共同的欧洲债券或完全的财政
转移为政府提供更便宜的借贷。
faith/feɪθ/ n.信任;信仰,信条 good faith 真诚
联想记忆：faithful忠实的
【例句】Markets have lost faith that the euro zone’s economies, weaker or stronger, will one day converge thanks to the
discipline of sharing a single currency.市场已经失去了信心，相信欧元区的经济，无论是更弱还是更强，终有一天都
会因为共享单一货币的原则而趋同。
gratitude/ˈgrætɪtju:d/ n.感激,感谢 gratitude to 感激
联想记忆：ingratitude忘恩负义
【例句】I’m writing to express my gratitude for your congratulation on my success in the translation contest.我写信是为
了表达我对你祝贺我在翻译比赛中取得成功的谢意。
retrospection/ˌretrəˈspekʃn/ n.回顾 retrospection appraisal 回顾性评价
联想记忆：retrospective回顾的
【例句】Official retrospections continue as to why London 2012 failed to “inspire a generation.”官方仍在回顾 2012 年伦
敦奥运会未能“激励一代人”的原因。
spirit/ˈspɪrɪt/ n.精神;(pl.)情绪;(pl.)酒精 holy spirit 圣灵
联想记忆：spiritual精神的
【例句】Much of this work is permeated by a spirit of romantic escapism.这部作品的大部分都充满了浪漫的逃避现实的
精神。
institution/ˌɪnstɪˈtju:ʃn/ n.公共机构;协会;学校 institution arrangement 公共管理
联想记忆：institutional机构的
【例句】 Traditionally, legal learning has been viewed in such institutions as the special preserve of lawyers, rather than a
necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person.传统而言，此类院校一般视法律的学习为律师所专用
的特权，而非将其视作每位受教育之人所应必备的知识才能。
integrity/ɪnˈtegrəti/ n.正直,诚实;完整,完全 surface integrity表面质量
联想记忆：integration结合
【例句】The valuable examples which they furnish of the power of self-help, if patient purpose, resolute working and stead
fast integrity , issuing in the formulation of truly noble and many character, exhibit.他们提供的有价值的例子表明，如果
他们有耐心的目标，坚定的工作态度和坚定的正直，在制定真正高尚和多个性的过程中，他们提供了自我帮助的力
量。
counterpart/ˈkaʊntəpɑ:t/ n.对应的人(或物) conditional counterpart 条件副本

联想记忆：counterparty对手方
【例句】Compared with their American counterparts , Japanese newspapers are much more stable because they are less
dependent on advertising.与美国同行相比，日本报纸更为稳定，因为它们对广告的依赖性较小。

damage/ˈdæmɪdʒ/ v./n.损害,毁坏 n.(pl.)损害赔偿费 damage control损害管制
联想记忆：damaged损害的
【例句】The whirlwind that swept through newsrooms harmed everybody, but much of the damage has been concentrated
in areas where newspapers are least distinctive. 席卷新闻编辑室的混乱风暴给每个人都带来了伤害，但是损失在很大
程度上集中于报纸上那些最没有特色的栏目。
dazzle/ˈdæzl/ v.使惊奇n.耀眼的光 dazzle system 迷装法
联想记忆：bedazzle使着迷
【例句】People you tell are going to cautious and not so cautiously try to see the cancer, so dazzle them instead with your
miracle. 你所说的人会谨慎而不谨慎地去看癌症，所以用你的奇迹来让他们眼花缭乱。
decade/ˈdekeɪd/ n.十年 Golden Decade黄金的十年
联想记忆：decadence堕落
【例句】Over the past decade , thousands of patents have been granted for what are called business methods.在过去的十年
间，成千上万的专利被授予了那些所谓的商业方法。
negative/ˈnegətɪv/ a.消极的n.负数 double negative双重否定句
联想记忆：negativity消极性
【例句】We can reduce or even eliminate the negative effects of our quick, hard-wired responses.我们可以减少甚至消除
快速的、硬连接的响应所带来的负面影响。
privacy/ˈprɪvəsi/ n.(不受干扰的)独处，自由，隐私 Privacy Policy 保密规则
联想记忆：private私有的
【例句】There are concerns that government, employers, and marketers might be able to access these data, thereby violating
our privacy .有人担心政府、雇主和营销人员可能会访问这些数据，从而侵犯我们的隐私。
dilemma/dɪˈlemə/ n.(进退两难的)窘境,困境 ethical dilemma道德困境
联想记忆：trilemma三难困境
【例句】The author mentions Ibsen’s play in the first paragraph in order to depict women’s dilemma at work.作者在第一
段提及Henric Ibsen的戏剧是为了描述女性在工作中的困境。
disgrace/dɪsˈgreɪs/ n.失宠v.使失宠 in disgrace失宠
联想记忆：disgraceful不光彩的
【例句】 Today we have a tendency to label obesity as a disgrace .今天我们倾向于将肥胖看成不光彩的事。
obsession/əbˈseʃn/ n.迷住, 困扰 have an obsession with sth 对……执迷
联想记忆：obsessional痴迷的
【例句】 This is apparently the reason MacDonald’s restricts the availability of its popular McRib — a marketing trick
that has turned the pork sandwich into an object of obsession .这显然是MacDonald公司限制其受欢迎的 McRib供应的
原因——这是一种将猪肉三明治变成痴迷对象的营销手段。
domain/dəˈmeɪn/ n.(活动,思想等)领域,范围;领地 time domain 时域
联想记忆：dominate支配

【例句】 Companies are unlikely to file many more patents for human DNA molecules—most are already patented or in
the public domain .公司不太可能再为人类DNA分子申请更多的专利，大多数已经申请了专利或已进入公共领域。

masterpiece /ˈmɑ:stəpi:s/ n.杰作,名著 period masterpiece 最好的一部时代剧
联想记忆：master精通
【例句】 Beautiful inside My Head Forever won over all masterpieces. Beautiful inside My Head Forever 超越了所有的
杰作。
obstacle /ˈɒbstəkl/ n.障碍(物),妨碍,阻碍 psychological obstacle心理障碍
联想记忆：obstruct阻挡
【例句】But, when one considers the obstacles to achieving the meritocratic ideal, it does look as if a fairer world must be
temporarily ordered. 但是，当人们考虑到实现精英理想的障碍时，看起来确实需要暂时安排一个更公平的世界。
emotion /ɪˈməʊʃn/ n.情绪,情感,感情 negative emotion 负面情绪
联想记忆：emotional感情的
【例句】 Artists’ job is to explore emotions , and yet they choose to focus on the ones that feel bad.艺术家的职责是探索情
感，但他们只选择关注那些负面情感。
mood /mu:d/ n.心情,情绪;语气 mood disorder 心境障碍
联想记忆：moody情绪多变的
【例句】For instance, one of the apps the students are developing suggests movies based on your mood. 例如，学生们正
在开发一个根据你的心情推荐电影的应用程序。
employ/ɪmˈplɔɪ/ n./v.雇用;用,使用 employ batteries 废电池
联想记忆：employment工作、unemployment失业
【例句】Like other modern architects, he employed metal, glass and laminated wood-materials that we take for granted
today but that in the 1940s symbolized the future. 和其他现代建筑师一样，他采用了金属、玻璃和层压木材材料，我
们今天认为这些材料是理所当然的，但在 20 世纪 40 年代，这些材料象征着未来。
endeavor/ɪn’devə/ v./n.努力,尽力,力图 endeavor costs 努力成本
联想记忆：endeavour努力、endear使受喜爱
【例句】These results suggest that imagining the outcome of following through on one’s curiosity ahead of time can help
determine whether it is worth the endeavor. 这些结果表明，想象提前完成自己的好奇心的结果，有助于确定这项努力
是否值得。
enthusiasm/ɪnˈθuːziæzəm/ n.热情;狂热;积极性 enthusiasm mechanism 激励机制
联想记忆：enthusiastic热情的
【例句】So keep it simple”hi”, “hey”or”hello”-do the best you can to gather all of the enthusiasm and energy you can, put
on a big smile and say”hi”.所以保持简单的“嗨”、“嗨”或“你好”-尽你所能地收集你所有的热情和精力，摆出一
个大大的微笑和说“嗨”。
vision/ˈvɪʒn/ n.热情;狂热;积极性 field of vision 视野
联想记忆：visionary有眼力的
【例句】We need to create a new vision for public health. 我们需要为公众健康创造一个新的愿景。
escape/ɪˈskeɪp/ n.逃跑v.逃跑 escape doing sth. 逃脱做某事
联想记忆：escapement脱离

【例句】Several firms have even given up their public status in order to escape the new law.一些公司甚至为了逃避新法
律而放弃了自己的公众身份。

essence/ˈesns/ n.本质,实质 in essence 实质上
联想记忆：quintessence典范
【例句】Human beings have been asking questions like “What is the essence of life.人类一直在问“生命的本质是什么”
这样的问题。
exploitation/ˌeksplɔɪˈteɪʃn/ n.剥削; 榨取; 利用 Tourist Exploitation 旅游开发
联想记忆：exploitative榨取的
【例句】Its sustainable exploitation will remain difficult.它的可持续开发仍然很困难。
comprehension/ˌkɒmprɪˈhenʃn/ n.理解力; 领悟能力 comprehension strategy 理解策略
联想记忆：comprehensive综合的
【例句】Darwin had a phrase to describe those ignorant of evolution: they “look at an organic as a savage looks at a ship, as
at something wholly beyond his comprehension .”对于那些对进化一无所知的人，达尔文曾经用一句话来描述他们；“他
们看有机的生命如同野人看船一样，仿佛是在看某种完全无法理解的东西”。
inquiry/ɪnˈkwaɪəri/ n.询问; 查询 scientific inquiry 科学探究
联想记忆：inquire调查
【例句】Write an email to answer the inquiry from an international student volunteer, specifying details of the project. 写
一封电子邮件来回答一位国际学生志愿者的询问，详细说明项目的细节。
pollution /pəˈlu:ʃn/ n. 污染 reduce pollution减少污染
联想记忆：pollutant污染物
【例句】At night, scan the horizon for artificial light sources, such as fires and streetlights, then walk toward the glow of
light pollution. 晚上，在地平线上扫视人造光源，例如火和路灯，然后朝着光污染的光芒走去。
motive /ˈməʊtɪv/ n. 动机，动因，目的 motive pleas积极的请求
联想记忆：motivation动机
【例句】Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives. 这些措施有一些令人振奋的动机。
proof /pru:f/ n. 证据，证明a．能防…的 give proof on 举例证明
联想记忆：disproof反驳
【例句】Scientists say the compound is “likely to be carcinogenic” but have no hard scientific proof. 科学家说这种化合
物“可能致癌”，但没有确凿的科学证据。
absence /ˈæbsəns/ n.缺席 absence of缺乏
联想记忆：absent缺席
【例句】It’s increasingly apparent that the absence of purpose within government, media or business could become one of
the most dangerous goals for capitalism and freedom.越来越明显的是，政府、媒体或企业内部缺乏目标可能成为资本
主义和自由最危险的目标之一。
extraction /ɪkˈstrækʃn/ n.提取; 提炼 extraction method 萃取法
联想记忆：extract提取
【例句】Though all the subjects were drawn from a population of European extraction , care was taken to see that all
subjects, friends and strangers, were taken from the same population.尽管所有的受试者都是从欧洲血统的人群中挑选出
来的，但我们还是注意到，所有的受试者，朋友和陌生人，都是从同一人群中挑选出来的。

academy /əˈkædəmi/ n.学院 military academy 军事学院
联想记忆：academic学术的
【例句】That is what a study, published from the University of California and Yale University in the Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences, has concluded.这是加州大学和耶鲁大学在《美国国家科学院院刊》上发表的一项研究
得出的结论。
acceptance /əkˈseptəns/ n.接受 acceptance sampling 验收抽样
联想记忆：acceptable认同的
【例句】Integrity had collapsed, she argued, because of a collective acceptance that the only “sorting mechanism” in
society should be profit and the market.她认为，诚信已经崩溃，是因为人们集体接受社会上唯一的“分类机制”应该
是利润和市场。
predecessor /ˈpri:dəsesə(r)/ n.前辈，前任 external predecessor 外部前置任务
联想记忆：precessor先行者
【例句】As the hacking trial concludes—finding guilty one ex-editor of the News of the World, Andy Coulson, for
conspiring to hack phones, and finding his predecessor, Rebekah Brooks, innocent of the same charge—the wider issue of
dearth of integrity still stands. 窃听案审判判决《世界新闻报》的前编辑安迪•柯尔逊密谋窃听电话的罪名成立，判决
他的前任丽贝卡•布鲁克斯该项罪名不成立。正如审判得出的上述结论，更广泛的诚信缺失问题仍然存在。
alliance /əˈlaɪəns/ n.结盟，同盟 Liberal Alliance 自由联盟
联想记忆：mesalliance门户不当的婚姻
【例句】A native literary drama had been created, its alliance with the public playhouses established, and at least some of
its great traditions had been begun.一个本土的文学戏剧已经被创造出来，它与公共剧场的联盟已经建立，至少它的一
些伟大传统已经开始。
category/ˈkætəgəri/ n.种类;范畴，类型 concrete category 具体范畴
联想记忆：sub-category子类别
【例句】While still catching-up to men in some spheres of modern life, women appear to be way ahead in at least one
undesirable category .在现代生活的某些领域，尽管女性仍在追赶男性，但在至少一个不受欢迎的领域，女性似乎遥
遥领先。
charter/ˈtʃɑ:tə(r)/ v.租船,租车n.宪章 bank charter [金融] 银行执照
联想记忆：unchartered不守法的
【例句】The charter ’s main toll of enforcement is to deny access for designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen.《宪
章》的主要执行代价是拒绝设计师和模特经纪机构进入哥本哈根。
constituent/kənˈstɪtjuənt/ n.选民a.组成的 sentence constituent 句子成分
联想记忆：constituency选区的选民
【例句】The court’s ruling is based on the assumption that public officials are justified in addressing the needs of their
constituents .法院的裁决基于这样一种假设，即公职人员有理由满足其选民的需要。
delight/dɪˈlaɪt/ n.快乐v.(使)高兴 delight in取乐、对……很喜欢
联想记忆：delightful令人愉快的
【例句】The very things that in the moment dampen our moods can later be sources of intense gratification and delight.
在那一刻抑制我们情绪的东西，可能会成为我们强烈满足和喜悦的源泉。
density/ˈdensəti/ n.密集,密度,浓度 probability density[数]概率密度

联想记忆：dense密集的
【例句】Half a century of town and country planning has enable it to retain an enviable rural coherence, while still
permitting low- density urban living.半个世纪的城乡规划使它保持了令人羡慕的田园风，同时也保持了城市人口的低
密度。

possession/pəˈzeʃn/ n.持有;所有权;(pl.)财产 actual possession 实际所有权
联想记忆：repossession 收回
【例句】But this distinction misses the point that it is processing and aggregation, not the mere possession of bits, that gives
the data value.但这一区别忽略了一点，即是处理和聚合，而不是仅仅拥有位，才赋予数据值。
doctrine/ˈdɒktrɪn/ n. 教条，教义;法律原则 doctrine of analogy 【法】类推原则
联想记忆：doctrinaire 教条主义者
【例句】The collective doctrine has been that the sorting mechanism of society should be profit.集体主义认为社会的分类
机制应该是利益的。
revise/rɪˈvaɪz/ v.修订,校订;修正 revised edition第二版
联想记忆：revision修订
【例句】The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical charter clearly states, we are aware of and take responsibility for the
impact the fashion industry has on body ideals, especially on young people.最新修订的 Danish Fashion Ethical charter明
确规定：我们应意识到时尚界对理想化体形造成的影响，并为此承担责任。
figure/ˈfɪgə(r)/ n.数字；人物v.描绘 figure for 谋取
联想记忆： transfigure使改观
【例句】These epochal figures represented lives hard to imitate, but to be acknowledged as possessing higher authority than
mere mortals.这些划时代的人物代表了难以模仿的生活，但却被认为拥有比普通人更高的权威。
finance/ˈfaɪnæns/ n.财政,金融 v.为…提供资金 finance company 信贷公司
联想记忆： refinance再融资
【例句】The finance minister has not been so famous since he raised taxes to an unbearable level.自从财政部长把税收提
高到难以承受的水平后，他就没有那么出名了。
fine /faɪn/ a.美好的v./n.罚金,罚款 fine line 细线
联想记忆： refine提纯
【例句】A public company that fails to obey the new law could be forced to pay a heavy fine .一家上市公司如果不遵守新
法律，可能会被处以巨额罚款。
flaw/flɔ:/ n.裂缝;缺陷 v.使破裂;使有缺陷 fatal flaw致命缺陷
联想记忆： flawless完美的
【例句】Although 174 nations approved the admittedly flawed Kyoto accords to reduce carbon levels, the U.S. walked
away from them.尽管 174 个国家批准了公认存在缺陷的《京都议定书》，以降低碳排放水平，但美国却放弃了这些
协议。
profound/prəˈfaʊnd/ a.深刻的,意义深远的;渊博的 profound condolence深切哀悼
联想记忆： profundity 深刻、深度
【例句】Nor was there any evidence that those who self-enhanced the most were doing so to make up for profound
insecurities.也没有任何证据表明，那些自我提升最多的人这样做是为了弥补深深的不安全感。
genetic/dʒəˈnetɪk/ a.遗传(学)的 genetic engineering 遗传工程

联想记忆： geneticist遗传学家
【例句】Critics make three main arguments against gene patents: a gene is a product of nature, so it may not be patented;
gene patents suppress innovation rather than reward it; and patents’ monopolies restrict access to genetic tests such as
Myriad’s.批评者对基因专利提出了三个主要论点：一个基因是自然产物，因此它可能不会获得专利；基因专利抑制
创新，而不是奖励创新；专利的垄断限制了获得Myriad等基因测试的机会。

complicate/ˈkɒmplɪkeɪt/ v.使复杂化 complicate statistics人工统计
联想记忆： uncomplicated简单的
【例句】But if the district is essentially giving a pass to students who do not do their homework because of complicated
family lives, it is going riskily close to the implication that standards need to be lowered for poor children.但如果学区实质
上是给那些因为家庭生活复杂而不做家庭作业的学生一张通行证，那就有可能需要降低贫困儿童的标准。
practical/ˈpræktɪkl/ a.实际的 n.实践课 practical application实际应用
联想记忆： practicality可行性
【例句】 In the era before domestic washing machines all babies wore white as a practical matter, since the only way of
getting clothes clean was to boil them.在家用洗衣机出现之前，所有婴儿实际上都穿白色衣服，因为洗衣服的唯一方
法就是煮沸。
struggle/ˈstrʌgl/ v./n.奋斗；努力 underground struggle 秘密斗争
联想记忆： struggling努力
【例句】As circumstances change, different sorts of leaders are required; a leader who thrives in one environment may
struggle in another, and vice versa.随着环境的变化，需要不同类型的领导者；在一个环境中茁壮成长的领导者可能在
另一个环境中挣扎，反之亦然。
dramatic/drəˈmætɪkl/ a.突然的、戏剧的 have a dramatic effect on 对……有戏剧性的影响
联想记忆： melodramatic 夸大的
【例句】As it is shown in the above, dramatic changes have taken place in the number of museums and that of the visitors
within two years. 如上图所示，两年内博物馆数量和参观者数量都发生了巨大变化。
abundant/əˈbʌndənt/ a.丰富的，充裕的 abundant supplies充足的供应
联想记忆： abundance大量
【例句】Mies held that elegance of architectural design was not reliant on abundant decoration. Mies认为，建筑设计的
优雅并不依赖于丰富的装饰。
disruptive/dɪsˈrʌptɪv/ a.引起混乱的; 扰乱性的 a disruptive innovation 一项颠覆性的创新
联想记忆： disruption混乱、disrupt混乱
【例句】We fear we’ll be disruptive .我们担心会有破坏性。
attract/əˈtrækt/ v.吸引 attract one’s attention 吸引某人的注意力
联想记忆： attractive吸引人的
【例句】They attract massive attention precisely because they remain the exception to the rule.它们吸引了大量注意力，
正是因为它们仍然是这一规则的例外。
excessive/ɪkˈsesɪv/ a.过多的;过分的;额外 excessive consumption 超前消费
联想记忆： excess超过
【例句】Bankers’ excessive risk-taking is a significant cause of this financial crisis.银行家过度冒险是这次金融危机的一
个重要原因。

proceed/prəˈsi:d/ v.进行,继续下去;发生 proceed on 继续
联想记忆：proceeding诉讼
【例句】Dr Kroo and his team modeled what would happen if three passenger jets departing from Los Angeles, San
Francisco and Las Vegas were to assemble over Utah, assume an inverted V-formation, occasionally swap places so all
could have a turn in the most favorable positions, and proceed to London. Kroo博士和他的团队模拟了如果三架从洛杉
矶、旧金山和拉斯维加斯起飞的客机在犹他州上空集结，呈倒V形编队，偶尔交换位置，以便所有飞机都能在最有
利的位置转弯，然后前往伦敦的情况。
succeed/səkˈsi:d/ vi.成功vt.接替 succeed with 在方面取得成功
联想记忆：successful成功的
【例句】Our products succeed when they become part of daily or weekly patterns. 当我们的产品成为每日或每周模式的
一部分时，它们就会成功。
accompany/əˈkʌmpəni/ v.陪伴 accompany air伴奏
联想记忆：accomplish完成
【例句】In my own research, complaints from women about their husbands most often focused not on tangible inequities
such as having given up the chance for a career to accompany a husband. 在我自己的研究中，女性对自己丈夫的抱怨通
常不集中在有形的不平等上，比如为了陪伴丈夫放弃了事业机会。
accord/əˈkɔ:d/ v.一致，符合 in accord 一致
联想记忆：disaccord不一致
【例句】Although 174 nations approved the admittedly flawed Kyoto accords to reduce carbon levels, the U.S. walked
away from them.尽管 174 个国家批准了公认存在缺陷的《京都议定书》，以降低碳排放水平，但美国却放弃了这些
协议。
accumulate/əˈkju:mjəleɪt/ v.积累 accumulate error累积误差
联想记忆：accumulation堆积
【例句】Moreover, reading more reference books will help you accumulate more knowledge and terms, which will boost
your competitiveness in campus.此外，多读参考书有助于你积累更多的知识和术语，从而提高你在校园的竞争力。
curious/ˈkjʊəriəs/ a.好奇的, 求知的, 古怪的 Stay Curious保持好奇
联想记忆：incurious不感兴趣的
【例句】It is curious that Stephen Koziatek feels almost as though he has to justify his efforts to give his students a better
future.令人好奇的是，Stephen Koziatek一直在努力给学生一个更好的未来。但奇怪的是，他觉得自己好像必须证明
这种努力的合理性。
accustomed/əˈkʌstəmd/ a.习惯的 be accustomed to 习惯于
联想记忆：unaccustomed不习惯的
【例句】It can be inferred from the last paragraph that outside directors are accustomed to stress-free work in the firm.从最
后一段可以推断，外部董事习惯于强调公司的自由工作。
achieve /əˈtʃi:v/ v.成就，成功 achieve success取得成功
联想记忆：achievement成就
【例句】When the competitive environment pushed our ancestors to achieve that potential, they could in turn afford more
education.当这种竞争环境迫使先人们达到这种潜力时，他们才有能力来接受更多的教育。
active /ˈæktɪv/ a.积极的，活跃的 active duty现役
联想记忆：reactive回应的

【例句】It can be learned from paragraph 1 that the biotech companies would like their executives to be active .从第 1 段可
以看出，生物技术公司希望其高管积极主动。

adequate /ˈædɪkwə/ a.足够的，相当的 adequate for 足够的
联想记忆：inadequate不足的
【例句】John Gottman says that reliable snap reaction are based on adequate information. John Gottman说，可靠的快速
反应是基于充分的信息。
adopt /əˈdɒp/ v.采纳，收养 adopt good文采好
联想记忆：adoption收养
【例句】According to Paragraph 3, to be a successful employee, one has to adopt an average lifestyle. 根据第 3 段，要想
成为一名成功的员工，就必须采用普通的生活方式。
advance/ədˈvɑ:ns/ v.前进 in advance预先
联想记忆：advancement发展
【例句】 But it is also because of the advances in both globalization and the information technology revolution. 但也正是
由于全球化和信息技术革命的进步。
conversely/ˈkɒnvɜ:sli/ adv.相反地 conversely applying逆向应用
联想记忆：converse相反的，反面
【例句】 Conversely , if homework matters, it should account for a significant portion of the grade. 相反，如果家庭作业
很重要，则应占成绩的很大一部分。
affirm/əˈfɜ:m/ v.断言，确认 belie affirm 证明为假
联想记忆：affirmative肯定的
【例句】 We rose-tint our memories and put ourselves into self- affirming situations.我们把记忆染成玫瑰色，并把自己
置身于自我肯定的情境中。
influential/ˌɪnfluˈenʃl/ a.有影响的;有权势的 influential role重要作用
联想记忆：influent流入的、influence影响
【例句】From the first two paragraphs we may learn than Mr. Machiavelli’s idea of hard power is very influential till
nowadays.从第一段我们可以了解到 Machiavelli 关于硬权力的想法是迄今为主非常有影响力。
afford/əˈfɔ:d/ v.负担得起 afford loss承担损失
联想记忆：affordable负担得起的
【例句】The Internet affords anonymity to its users, a blessing to privacy and freedom of speech.互联网为其用户提供匿
名性，这是对隐私和言论自由的一种祝福。
alert/əˈlɜ:t/ a.警惕的 alert area警戒区域
联想记忆：alertness机警
【例句】We should fully bring its benefits out, but always be on alert that the spam messages will be took advantage by the
criminals and fake advertisements makers.我们应该充分发挥它的优势，但要时刻警惕，垃圾邮件会被犯罪分子和虚假
广告制作者利用。
alien/ˈeɪliən/ a.外国的，相异的 n.外国人；外星人 alien to 与…相反
联想记忆：inalienable不可剥夺(或分割)的
【例句】We hail them as Americans in the making, or brand them as aliens to be kicked out.我们称他们为正在形成中的
美国人，或将他们视为被驱逐的外国人。

ambiguous/æmˈbɪgjuəs/ a.模棱两可的，含糊的 ambiguous word歧义字
联想记忆：unambiguous意思清楚的
【例句】The author’s attitude toward Americans’ watching TV is ambiguous .作者对美国人看电视的态度模棱两可。
vague/veɪg/ a.不明确的,含糊的,暧昧的 vague words 模糊词语
联想记忆：vagueness含糊
【例句】There are vague promises of manufacturing fuel from herbs or powering cars with hydrogen.对于用草药制造燃料
或用氢为汽车供电的承诺很模糊。
extravagant/ɪkˈstrævəgənt/ a.奢侈的;过分的;(言行等)放肆的 extravagant hope 奢望
联想记忆：extravagance奢侈
【例句】Fantasies of great wealth often involve visions of fancy cars and extravagant homes.对巨额财富的幻想往往包括
对豪华汽车和豪华住宅的幻想。
analyze/‘ænəlaɪz/ v.分解;分析 market analyze市场分析
联想记忆： psychoanalyze心理分析、analysis分析、analytic分析的
【例句】He analyzes the weak lecture, learning lessons, for the future about what works and what doesn’t.他分析了疲软的
演讲，学习了一些课程，以便将来了解哪些有效，哪些无效。
participate/pɑ:ˈtɪsɪpeɪt/ v.参与;分享;含有 actively participate主动参与
联想记忆： participation参与
【例句】 If you have no friends or relatives, try to participate in several online communities, full of people who are always
willing to share advice and encouragement.如果你没有朋友或亲戚，试着参加几个网上社区，那里充满了愿意分享建
议和鼓励的人。
appreciate/əˈpri:ʃieɪt/ v.欣赏，鉴赏;感激 painting appreciate绘画欣赏
联想记忆： appreciation欣赏
【例句】As such, it needed to appreciate the economic realities, the social contexts and power relations in which each
epoch stood.因此，它需要了解每个时代所处的经济现实、社会背景和权力关系。
approve/əˈpru:v/ v.批准 approve of赞成
联想记忆： disapprove反对
【例句】Although 174 nations approved the admittedly flawed Kyoto accords to reduce carbon levels, the U.S. walked
away from them.尽管 174 个国家批准了公认存在缺陷的《京都议定书》，以降低碳排放水平，但美国却放弃了这些
协议。
argue/ˈɑ:gju:/ v.争论;主张 argue back反驳
联想记忆： argument争论
【例句】Integrity had collapsed, she argued , because of a collective acceptance that the only “sorting mechanism” in
society should be profit and the market.她认为，诚信已经崩溃，是因为人们集体接受社会上唯一的“分类机制”应该
是利润和市场。
assess/əˈses/ v.评估，评价 economic assess经济评估
联想记忆： assessment评估
【例句】But we need more time to assess other factors.但我们需要更多的时间来评估其他因素。
similar/ˈsɪmələ(r)/ a.相似的,类似的 similar degree 相似度

联想记忆：similarity相似点
【例句】Millennials may not be that interested in taking their place, other industries are recruiting them with similar or
better pay.千禧一代可能对取代他们的位置不太感兴趣，其他行业也在以类似或更好的薪酬招募他们。

eliminate/ɪˈlɪmɪneɪt/ vt.除去;淘汰;排(删,消)除 eliminate noise 消除噪音
联想记忆：elimination排除
【例句】Planning ahead should eliminate wastage, but if you have surplus vegetables you’ll do a vegetable soup. 提前计
划可以消除浪费，但如果你有多余的蔬菜，你会做蔬菜汤。
assist/əˈsɪs/ v.协助 assist in帮助
联想记忆：assistance帮助
【例句】Many in the medical community acknowledge that the assisted - suicide debate has been fueled in part by the
despair of patients for whom modern medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying.许多医疗界人士承认，致使医助
自杀这场争论升温的原因部分在于病人们的绝望情绪，对这些病人而言，现代医学延长了临终前肉体上的痛苦。
contain/kənˈteɪn/ v.包含;容忍;可被…除尽 water contain 含水率
联想记忆：container容器
【例句】That might seem rather an obscure point, but it sets the tone for an exhibition that contains a lot of black-and-white
photographs and relatively few natural objects.这似乎是一个相当模糊的观点，但它为一个包含大量黑白照片和相对较
少自然物体的展览定下了基调。
retain/rɪˈteɪn/ v.保持,保留 retain an appearance of youth 保有年轻的外貌
联想记忆：retainer保留金
【例句】Each spouse retains whatever property he or she brought into the marriage.配偶双方保留他或她带入婚姻的任何
财产。
sustain/səˈsteɪn/ vt.支撑;维持,经受 sustain level持续水平
联想记忆：sustainable 可持续的
【例句】Many consumers seem to have been influenced by stock-market swings, which investors now view as a necessary
ingredient to a sustained boom.诚然，很多消费者似乎一直受到股票市场波动的影响，投资者却视之为持续繁荣的必
要因素。
attempt/əˈtempt/ v.试图，尝试 suicide attempt自杀意图
联想记忆：attemption尝试
【例句】Their methods do not attempt to estimate the actual biomass （the amount of living biological matter） of fish
species in particular parts of the ocean, but rather changes in that biomass over time.其目的并非试图估计海洋中某区域鱼
类物种之数量（活的生物物种数量），而是生物总量历年所发生的变化。
exempt/ɪgˈzempt/ a.免除的 v.免除 exempt from 免除
联想记忆：exemption免税
【例句】Even then several states automatically exempted women from jury duty unless they personally asked to have their
names included on the jury list.即便如此，一些州也自动免除了女性陪审团的职责，除非她们亲自要求将自己的名字
列入陪审团名单。
attend/əˈtend/v.出席，参加;注意 attend worship崇拜
联想记忆：attendance出席
【例句】 I would like to invite you to attend the graduation ceremony and share the pleasant moment together. 我想邀请
你们参加毕业典礼，一起分享这愉快的时刻。

thrive/θraɪv/ v.兴旺,繁荣 thrive on 以……成长
联想记忆：thriving兴旺
【例句】As circumstances change, different sorts of leaders are required; a leader who thrives in one environment may
struggle in another, and vice versa.随着环境的变化，需要不同类型的领导者；在一个环境中茁壮成长的领导者可能在
另一个环境中挣扎，反之亦然。
available/əˈveɪləbl/ a.可用到的 available inventory可用存货
联想记忆：unavailable无法得到的
【例句】Some individuals would therefore not have been caught, since no baited hooks would have been available to trap
them.由于没有使用带饵的鱼钩来诱捕，有些鱼（类）可能会因此逃生。
benign/bɪˈnaɪn/ a.良性的 benign competition良性竞争
联想记忆：benignity仁慈
【例句】It is an ambitious attempt to blunt the sharpest edges of globalization, and make capitalism benign .这是一次雄心
勃勃的尝试，旨在冲淡全球化最尖锐的边缘，使资本主义良性发展。
obscure/əbˈskjʊə(r)/ a.暗的,朦胧的;模糊的 an obscure flaw 不引人注意的瑕疵
联想记忆：obscurity默默无闻
【例句】That might seem rather an obscure point, but it sets the tone for an exhibition that contains a lot of black-and-white
photographs and relatively few natural objects.这似乎是一个相当模糊的观点，但它为一个包含大量黑白照片和相对较
少自然物体的展览定下了基调。
boost/bu:st/ v.推进，促进，提高 n.提高 boost up 向上推
联想记忆：booster增压机
【例句】But a boost in the storage capacity of batteries is making their ability to keep power flowing around the clock more
likely. 但电池存储容量的提高，使得它们保持 24 小时不间断供电的能力变得更有可能。
bother/ˈbɒðə(r)/ v.烦扰，打搅 non bother 互不相扰
联想记忆：bothersome引起麻烦的
【例句】But do not bother trying to kill off old habits; once those ruts of procedure are worn into the brain, they are there to
stay.但是不要试图消除一切旧的习惯，这些惯有程序一旦进入大脑，便会留在其中。
democratic/ˌdeməˈkrætɪk/ a.民主的 democratic participation民主参与
联想记忆：democratize使民主化
【例句】In 1968, the Congress of the United States passed the Jury Selection and Service Act, ushering in a new era of
democratic reforms for the jury.1968年，美国国会通过了《陪审员选拔和服务法》，开创了陪审员民主改革的新时代。
speculate/ˈspekjuleɪt/ vi.思索vt.思索 speculate about猜测
联想记忆：speculation推测
【例句】People have speculated for centuries about a future without work.几个世纪以来，人们一直在猜测没有工作的
未来。
celebrate/ˈselɪbreɪt/ vt.庆祝vi.庆祝 celebrate with庆祝
联想记忆：celebration庆祝
【例句】Petrarch celebrated their greatness in conquering fortune and rising to the top. Petrarch庆祝他们征服财富并登上
顶峰的伟大成就。

characterize/ˈkærəktəraɪz/ v.表示…的特性;描述…特性 centres characterize 中心表现
联想记忆：characterization描绘
【例句】Since the days of Aristotle, a search for universal principles has characterized the scientific enterprise.
自亚里士多德之时起，对于宇宙定律的探索便一直是科学事业的重要特征。
operate/ˈɒpəreɪt/ v.操作,起作用,动手术 operate on开动、做手术
联想记忆：operation手术
【例句】Srini Pillay believes this counter intuitive link between downtime and productivity may be due to the way our
brains operate. Srini Pillay认为，停机时间与生产力之间存在的这种直觉的联系可能是由于我们的大脑运作方式所
致。
mental/ˈmentl/ a.精神的,思想的,心理的 mental breakdown 精神崩溃
联想记忆：mentality思想方法
【例句】The community mental health team saved my life. 社区心理健康小组救了我的命。
communicate/kəˈmju:nikeit/ v.传达;交流;通讯 communicate with sb. 与……交流
联想记忆：communication交流
【例句】So when someone tries to communicate with you, just be in that communication wholeheartedly.所以当有人想和
你交流的时候，就要全心全意地去交流。
immune/ɪˈmju:n/ a.免疫的;有受影响的;豁免的 be immune from 不受……干扰
联想记忆：immunity免疫力
【例句】Defendants are immune from trial by their peer.被告可免受同龄人的审判。
comparable /ˈkɔmpərəbl/ a.可比较的,比得上的 comparable uniformity 可比一致性
联想记忆：comparative比较的
【例句】Its internal borders are far more open to goods, capital and labour than any comparable trading area.其国内边界
对货物、资本和劳动力的开放程度远高于任何可比贸易区。
condemn /kənˈdem/ v.谴责,指责;判刑 condemn publicly公开地谴责
联想记忆：condemnation谴责
【例句】But while this may be true, it’s not a good enough reason to condemn gap years.尽管这可能是真的，但这还不足
以成为谴责间隔年的理由。
introduce /ˌɪntrəˈdju:s/ vt.介绍;引进，传入 Introduce Myself自我介绍
联想记忆：introduction引用
【例句】 It is such a great pleasure to make your acquaintance, therefore, I can not help but introduce myself as well as
some of my living habits in order that we can enjoy a harmonious relationship.很高兴认识你，因此，我不得不介绍一下
我自己以及我的一些生活习惯，以便我们能享受一个和谐的关系。
reproduce /ˌri:prəˈdju:s/ v.生殖;翻版;复制 reproduce extract 复制选录
联想记忆：reproduction繁衍
【例句】 Higher education has “continued to reproduce and widen, rather than close” an achievement gap based on social
class, according to the depressing beginning of a paper forthcoming in the journal Psychological Science.根据即将在《心理
科学》杂志上发表的一篇论文令人沮丧的开头，高等教育一直在复制和扩大基于社会阶层的成就差距，而不是缩小
差距。
suffer /ˈsʌfə(r)/ v.受痛苦;受损失 suffer from 遭受

联想记忆：sufferance 勉强同意
【例句】 she wears fashionable dress even after suffering from cancer. 她即使患了癌症也穿时髦的衣服。

conscious/ˈkɒnʃəs/ a.意识到的,自觉的;神志清醒的 conscious mind 意识心
联想记忆：consciousness知觉
【例句】Visual recognition, reads the study, is “an automatic psychological process occurring rapidly and intuitively with
little or no apparent conscious deliberation”. 这项研究认为，视觉识别是“一种自动的心理过程，快速而直观地发生，
很少或根本没有明显的有意识思考”。
subsequent/ˈsʌbsɪkwənt/ a.随后的,后来的 subsequent infection继发感染
联想记忆：subsequence紧随……之后
【例句】That experiences influence subsequent behavior is evidence of an obvious but nevertheless remarkable activity
called remembering.这种影响到我们后来行为的经历就是回忆，一种常见但意义重大的活动。
sensible/ˈsensəbl/ a.明智的;可觉察的,明显的 sensible presence可感知的存在
联想记忆：sensibility感知力
【例句】John Gottman says that reliable snap reaction are based on sensible explanation. John Gottman说，可靠的快速反
应是基于合理的解释。
observe/əbˈzɜ:v/ v.观察,观测,注意到 clinical observe临床研究
联想记忆：observation观察
【例句】 So it is not difficult to observe their steady performance.因此观察它们的稳定性能并不困难。
preserve/prɪˈzɜ:v/ v.保护,维持;保存 to preserve保存
联想记忆：preservation保护
【例句】 Traditionally, legal learning has been viewed in such institutions as the special preserve of lawyers, rather than a
necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person.传统而言，此类院校一般视法律的学习为律师所专用
的特权，而非将其视作每位受教育之人所应必备的知识才能。
consume/kənˈsju:m/ vt.消耗，使着迷 law consume 法律消费
联想记忆：consumption消耗
【例句】They found that the aircraft consumed as much as 15% less fuel (coupled with a reduction in carbon-dioxide
output).他们发现这架飞机消耗的燃料减少了15%（同时二氧化碳的排放也减少了）。
contradict/ˌkɒntrəˈdɪkt/ v.反驳;同…矛盾,同…抵触 system contradict 系统相悖
联想记忆：contradictory相互矛盾的、对立物
【例句】Further contradicting conventional wisdom, we found that women as well as men have lower levels of stress at
work than at home. 与普遍看法更为矛盾的是，我们发现女性和男性一样，上班时的压力水平都低于在家时的压力水
平。
dictate/dɪkˈteɪt/ v.口授;(使)听写;指令 dictate sth. to sb. 向某人口述
联想记忆：dictation口述、听写
【例句】We learn to control our emotions so they are manageable and don’t dictate our behaviours. 我们学会控制自己的
情绪，使之易于控制而不影响我们的行为。
convey/kənˈveɪ/ v.运送;传达,传播 convey measure 输送量
联想记忆：conveyor运送者

【例句】I would like to convey my heartfelt thanks to you for your kindness to receive me when I participated in an
exchange program in USA.感谢您在我参加美国交流项目时的盛情款待。

correspond/ˌkɒrəˈspɒnd/ v.通信, 符合; 相当于 correspond development 相容协调发展
联想记忆：correspondence 通信
【例句】Such a view would require a corresponding shift in the way US society today views fire, researchers say.
研究人员表示，这样的观点需要美国社会对火灾的看法发生相应的转变。
criticize/ˈkrɪtɪsaɪz/ v.批评,评论 cultural criticize文化批判
联想记忆：criticism批判
【例句】According to Paragraph 1, Ms. Simmons was criticized for refusing to make compromises.根据文章第一段可知，
Ms. Simmons被批评是因为拒绝做出妥协。
cultivate/ˈkʌltɪveɪt/ v.耕作,栽培,养殖 cultivate land 农用地
联想记忆：cultivation耕种
【例句】According to Dr. Curtis, habits like hand washing with soap should be further cultivated .根据 Curtis博士的观
点，用肥皂洗手这样的习惯有待进一步培养。
occur/əˈkɜ:(r)/ v.出现;存在;想起 irritation occur出现红肿
联想记忆：occurrence发生
【例句】It has not occurred against the background of general commodity price inflation and global excess demand. 这次
（油价上升）并非发生在物价普遍上涨以及全球性需求过度的背景下。
dedicate/ˈdedɪkeɪt/ vt.奉献;献身于 dedicate yourself 献给自己
联想记忆：dedication献身
【例句】There are a number of approaches to mastering the art of deep work - be it lengthy retreats dedicated to a specific
task or developing a daily ritual.有很多方法可以帮助你掌握深层次工作的艺术——无论是专注于某项特定任务的漫
长静修，还是发展日常仪式。
desirable/dɪˈzaɪərəbl/ a.值得做的;合意的;期望得到的 desirable type理想型
联想记忆：desirability有利条件
【例句】His belief that self-sufficiency was both desirable and inevitable was widely shared.他认为自给自足既是可取的
也是不可避免的，这一信念得到了广泛的认同。
desperate/ˈdespərət/ a.不顾一切的;绝望的 desperate remedies 非常手段
联想记忆：desperation绝望
【例句】Nevertheless, the affordable housing situation is desperate. 尽管如此，保障性住房的形势依然严峻。
detect/dɪˈtekt/ v.察觉,发觉,侦察 feel detect 感觉
联想记忆：detective侦探
【例句】The outbreak of swine flu that was first detected in Mexico was declared a global epidemic on June 11, 2009.2009
年 6 月 11 日，首次在墨西哥发现的猪流感疫情被宣布为全球性疫情。
determine/dɪˈtɜ:mɪn/ v.决心,决定;确定 determine facts 认定事实
联想记忆：determination决心
【例句】Firms are now studying how genes interact, looking for correlations that might be used to determine the causes of
disease or predict a drug’s efficacy.公司现在正在研究基因如何相互作用，寻找可能用于确定疾病原因或预测药物疗效
的相关性。

develop/dɪˈveləp/ v.发展;显现;发育 develop into 发展成为
联想记忆：development发展
【例句】Such behavior is regarded as “all to human”, with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be
capable of this finely developed sense of grievance.我们曾认为此种行为仅仅属于人类特有，即潜意识认为其他动物不
具备这种高度发达的不满情绪。
previous/ˈpri:viəs/ a.先前的,以前的 previous window 前一个窗口
联想记忆：pervious 能透过的
【例句】These are people who may previously have felt the need to get a full-time job that provided insurance in order to
cover themselves and their families.这些人以前可能觉得有必要找到一份提供保险的全职工作，以便为自己和家人提
供保险。
devote/dɪˈvəʊt/ v.奉献,致力 devote into投身
联想记忆：devotion关爱
【例句】But if your work is your “passion”, you’ll be more likely to devote yourself to it.但如果你的工作是你的“激情”，
你就更有可能全身心地投入其中。
indifferent/ɪnˈdɪfrənt/ a.冷漠的,不关心的,不积极的 indifferent to 不在乎
联想记忆：indifference漠不关心
【例句】In a workplace that’s fundamentally indifferent to your life and its meaning, office speak can help you figure out
how you relate to your work—and how your work defines who you are.在一个根本上对你的生活及其意义漠不关心的工
作场所，办公室演讲可以帮助你了解你与工作的关系，以及你的工作如何定义你是谁。
discern/dɪˈsɜ:n/ v.发现;辨别 discern technology自动识别技术
联想记忆：discernible看的清的
【例句】More difficult, in the moment, is discerning precisely how these lean times are affecting society’s character.目前，
更困难的是，要准确地辨别出这些贫瘠的时代是如何影响社会品格的。
eligible/ˈelɪdʒəbl/ a.符合条件的;(尤指婚姻等)合适(意)的 eligible for 够资格
联想记忆：ineligible不合格的
【例句】It was not until the 1940s that a majority of states made women eligible for jury duty.直到 20 世纪 40 年代，大多
数州才使妇女有资格担任陪审员。
positive/ˈpɒzətɪv/ a.肯定的,积极的,绝对的 Positive Psychology积极心理学
联想记忆：positivity积极性
【例句】But that’s exactly the kind of false cheerfulness that positive psychologists wouldn’t recommend.但这正是积极心
理学家不推荐的那种虚假的快乐。
tough/tʌf/ a.坚韧的,棘手的;强健的 tough policy强硬政策
联想记忆：toughness韧性
【例句】Sometimes it is easy to feel bad because you are going through tough times.有时候你很容易感觉不好，因为你
正在经历困难时期。
motivate/ˈməʊtɪveɪt/ vt.促动;激励，作为…的动机 motivate sb to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事
联想记忆：motivation动机

【例句】Not only are the tasks apparently infinite, the co-workers are much harder to motivate .家务劳动显然时无穷无尽
的，而且激发家中“同事们”的劳动积极性要困难得多。

empirical/ɪmˈpɪrɪkl/ a.凭经验(或观察)的,经验主义的 motivate sb to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事
联想记忆：empiricism经验主义
【例句】An article in Scientific America has pointed out that empirical research says that, actually, you think you’re more
beautiful than you are.《科学美国人》的一篇文章指出，实证研究表明，事实上，你认为自己比你实际上漂亮。
theoretical/ˌθiːəˈretɪkl/ a.理论(上)的 theoretical analysis理论分析
联想记忆：theoretician理论家
【例句】The dominant theoretical model of leadership at the moment is, apparently, the “transformational leadership
pattern”.目前主导的领导理论模式显然是“变革型领导模式”。
enhance/inˈhɑ:ns/ v.实施;强制;支持 enhance friendship增进友谊
联想记忆：enhancement增加
【例句】Nor was there any evidence that those who self- enhanced the most were doing so to make up for profound
insecurities.也没有任何证据表明，那些自我提升最多的人这样做是为了弥补深深的不安全感。
enthusiastic/ɪnˌθju:ziˈæstɪk/ a.热情的,热心的 enthusiastic applause 热烈鼓掌
联想记忆：enthusiast爱好者
【例句】Volunteers need to have a good command of English and be enthusiastic in organizing different kinds of activities.
志愿者要有良好的英语水平，并积极组织各种活动。
prudent/ˈpru:dnt/ a.谨慎的,智慧的,稳健的 prudent manrule谨慎人原则
联想记忆：prudential小心的
【例句】They had become less materialistic and more financially prudent .他们变得不那么物质化，在经济上更加谨慎。
statistical/stə’tɪstɪkl/ a.统计的,统计学的 statistical mechanics 统计力学
联想记忆：statistician统计员
【例句】Social psychologists have amassed oceans of research into what they call the “above average effect”, or “illusory
superiority”, and shown that, for example, 70% of us rate ourselves as above average in leadership, 93% in driving and 85%
at getting on well with others—all obviously statistical impossibilities.社会心理学家就其所称的“高于均数效应”或“虚
幻的优越感”收集了大量研究，并显示：例如我们当中有70%的人认为自己的领导能力优于其他人，93%的人认为
自己的驾驶技能比其他人更高超，85%的人则认为自己比其他人更擅长交际——很明显，所有这些从统计学的角度
来看都是不可能的事。
exclusive/ɪkˈsklu:sɪv/ a.独占的;排他的;孤高的 exclusive distribution独家分销
联想记忆：non-exclusive非独家的
【例句】But snap decisions in reaction to rapid stimuli aren’t exclusive to the interpersonal realm.但是对快速刺激做出快
速反应的决定并不仅仅局限于人际关系领域。
explore/ɪkˈsplɔ:(r)/ v.勘探,探测;探究 explore for 探索
联想记忆：exploration探索
【例句】If you’re not convinced of the inherent value in taking a year off to explore interests, then consider its financial
impact on future academic choices.如果你不相信休学一年来探索兴趣爱好的内在价值，那么就考虑一下其对未来学业
选择的经济影响。
false/fɔ:ls/ a.谬误的,虚伪的,伪造的 false alarm误报警

联想记忆：falseness虚伪
【例句】But that’s exactly the kind of false cheerfulness that positive psychologists wouldn’t recommend.但这正是积极心
理学家不推荐的那种虚假的快乐。

fetch/fetʃ/ v.取来;接来;引出n.取得 fetch sth. for sb. 为某人去取某物
联想记忆：fetching迷人的
【例句】All but two pieces sold, fetching more than ￡70m, a record for a sale by a single artist.除两件作品以外，其余
作品全部售出，总售价高达 7000 多万英镑，创单个艺术家作品单次销售的最高记录。
fulfill/fʊl’fɪl/ v.完成,履行,实践 fulfill oneself完全实现自己的抱负
联想记忆：fulfilment完成
【例句】 Try to slot it as a to-do list item and you’ll manage only goal-focused reading-useful, sometimes, but not the most
fulfilling kind.试着把它列为一个待办事项，这样你就可以只进行有目标的阅读，有时是有用的，但不是最有成就感
的阅读。
generous/ˈdʒenərəs/ a.宽宏大量的,慷慨的 generous heart包容心
联想记忆：generosity大方
【例句】 Therefore, it is of no difficulty for rural residents to find a decent position in cities with a generous salary.因此，
农村居民在城市找到一份体面、薪水丰厚的工作并不难。
guilty/ˈgɪlti/ a.有罪的,内疚的 be guilty of 犯有……罪
联想记忆：guilt内疚
【例句】As the hacking trial concludes—finding guilty one ex-editor of the News of the World, Andy Coulson, for
conspiring to hack phones, and finding his predecessor, Rebekah Brooks, innocent of the same charge—the wider issue of
dearth of integrity still stands. 窃听案审判判决《世界新闻报》的前编辑安迪•柯尔逊密谋窃听电话的罪名成立，判决
他的前任丽贝卡•布鲁克斯该项罪名不成立。正如审判得出的上述结论，更广泛的诚信缺失问题仍然存在。
honor/‘ɒnə(r)/ n.尊敬;荣誉v.尊敬 feel it an honor to do感到荣幸做
联想记忆：honoree领奖人
【例句】I think it is an honor for me to make friends with you and I will cherish the goodwill you showed to me wherever I
go.我想和你交朋友是我的荣幸，无论我到哪里，我都会珍惜你对我的善意。
horizon/həˈraɪzn/ n.地平线;眼界,见识 particle horizon粒子视界
联想记忆：horizontal水平的
【例句】At night, scan the horizon for artificial light sources, such as fires and streetlights, then walk toward the glow of
light pollution. 晚上，在地平线上扫视人造光源，例如火和路灯，然后朝着光污染的光芒走去。
orient/ˈɔ:rient/ n.亚洲 v.为…定位 Orient Express东方快车
联想记忆：oriental东方的
【例句】 Sustainability- oriented values must be expressed through everyday action and choice.必须通过日常行动和选择
来表达以可持续性为导向的价值观。
original/əˈrɪdʒənl/ a.最初的n.原文 original sin原罪
联想记忆：unoriginal非原创的
【例句】 But in keeping with our examination of southern intellectual life, we may consider the original Puritans as carriers
of European culture.但为了使我们与南部学术界的研究保持一致，我们可以把最初的清教徒视为欧洲文化的传播者。
ideology/ˌaɪdiˈɒlədʒi/ n.意识形态，(政治或社会的)思想意识 political ideology 政治意识形态

联想记忆：ideological 意识形态的
【例句】 What’ more, an overwhelming majority of people have been affected by the country patriotism ideology , partly
owing to some actions of Japan triggering the emotion of people.此外，绝大多数人受到了爱国主义思想的影响，部分原
因是日本的一些行为激发了人们的情感。

illegal/ɪˈli:gl/ a.不合法的,非法的 illegal activities 违法行为；不法活动
联想记忆：illegality违法
【例句】We need to look beyond strict definitions of legal and illegal. 长远来看我们需要严格定义合法和非法。
license/ˈlaɪsns/ n.许可证v.准许,认可 contractual license 契约性许可证
联想记忆：licensee特许制作(或使用)……的人(或公司)
【例句】The approach contrasts with one that would require an Internet driver’s license issued by the government. 这种方
法与要求政府颁发互联网驾驶执照的方法形成对比。
illustrate/ˈɪləstreɪt/ v.举例说明,阐明;图解 final illustrate 最后举例说明
联想记忆：illustrator插图画家
【例句】The pie chart above evidently illustrates various target elements in terms of consumers’ choosing restaurants in a
certain city in 2017. 上面的饼图显然说明了 2017 年某个城市消费者选择餐馆的各种目标元素。
image/ˈɪmɪdʒ/ n.形象;形象的描述，比喻 public image 公众形象
联想记忆：imagination想象力
【例句】 Finally, Toyota brake error accidents significantly affects Japanese autos’ reputations and images. 最后，丰田刹
车失误事故严重影响了日本汽车的声誉和形象。
imitate/ˈɪmɪteɪt/ v.模仿,仿效; 伪造 dynamic imitate 动态模拟
联想记忆：imitation模仿
【例句】These epochal figures represented lives hard to imitate , but to be acknowledged as possessing
higher authority than mere mortals.这些划时代的人物代表了难以模仿的生活，但却被认为拥有比普通人更高的权威。
indispensable/ˌɪndɪˈspensəbl/ a.必不可少的,必需的 indispensable financing必要理财活动
联想记忆：indispensability不可缺少
【例句】The study in the early 1980s cited by Harford shows that daily schedules are indispensable to studying.Harford在
20 世纪 80 年代早期引用的一项研究表明，每天的日程表对学习来说是必不可少的。
priority/praɪˈɒrəti/ n.先,前;优先,重点 highest priority当务之急
联想记忆：prioritize划分优先顺序
【例句】It can be learned from Paragraph 3 that young people tend to give priority to childcare outside the home.从第 3 段
可以看出，年轻人往往优先考虑家庭以外的儿童保育。
initiative/ɪˈnɪʃətɪv/ a.创始的n.第一步 take the initiative 采取主动；带头
联想记忆：initiation发起
【例句】It seems clear that such a scheme is an initiative push toward what would eventually be a compulsory Internet
“driver’s license” mentality. 似乎很显然，这一计划是朝着最终强制推行网络”驾照“的想法迈出了第一步。
innocent/ˈɪnəsnt/ a.清白的,无罪的;单纯的 innocent of 清白
联想记忆：innocence清白
【例句】As the hacking trial concludes—finding guilty one ex-editor of the News of the World, Andy Coulson, for
conspiring to hack phones, and finding his predecessor, Rebekah Brooks, innocent of the same charge—the wider issue of

dearth of integrity still stands. 窃听案审判判决《世界新闻报》的前编辑安迪•柯尔逊密谋窃听电话的罪名成立，判决
他的前任丽贝卡•布鲁克斯该项罪名不成立。正如审判得出的上述结论，更广泛的诚信缺失问题仍然存在。

variety/vəˈraɪəti/ n.种种,多种多样;种类 a variety of 各种各样的
联想记忆：variable多变的
【例句】In many respects, the U.S. was more socially tolerant entering this recession than at any time in its history, and a
variety of national polls on social conflict since then have shown mixed results.在许多方面，美国在进入这场衰退的过程
中，比历史上任何时候都更能容忍社会，此后的各种关于社会冲突的全国民调都显示出喜忧参半的结果。
journalist/ˈdʒɜ:nəlɪst/ n.记者,新闻工作者 acredited journalist 特派记者
联想记忆：journalistic新闻业的
【例句】It links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the links journalists forge on a daily
basis as they cover and comment on the news.如同记者每天将现实与其报道、评论的新闻联系起来一样，它将这些概
念与日常实践联系在一起。
launch/lɔ:ntʃ/ v. 发射；发起，发动；开始 n. 发射；发行 product launch 产品发布
联想记忆：launcher发射器
【例句】America’s Federal Trade Commission launched a round of talks about how to save newspapers.美国联邦贸易委
员会发起了一轮关于如何拯救报纸会谈。
reliance/rɪˈlaɪəns/ n.信任,信心,依靠 place reliance on 信任
联想记忆：reliant依靠的
【例句】American papers have long been highly unusual in their reliance on ads.长期以来，美国报纸对广告的依赖非常
罕见。
religious/rɪˈlɪdʒəs/ a.宗教的,信教的,虔诚的 religious instinct 宗教本能
联想记忆：religiousness宗教性
【例句】Meanwhile, many settlers had slighter religious commitments than Dane’s ,as one clergyman learned in
confronting folk along the coast who mocked that they had not come to the New World for religion.与此同时，许多人并不
似戴恩一样如此信奉宗教，正如一位牧师的经验之谈：在海边与人攀谈时，渔民嘲弄他说，他们可不是为了宗教才
来到新大陆。
liberal/ˈlɪbərəl/ a.慷慨的;富足的;自由的 liberal education普通教育
联想记忆：liberalize使自由化
【例句】At its best, the European project is remarkably liberal : built around a single market of 27 rich and poor countries,
its internal borders are far more open to goods, capital and labour than any comparable trading area.在最好的情况下，这个
欧洲项目是非常自由的：它围绕着 27 个富国和穷国的单一市场建立，其内部边界对商品、资本和劳动力的开放程
度远远高于任何可比贸易区。
literacy/ˈlɪtərəsi/ n.有文化,有教养,有读写能力 functional literacy 功能性读书能力
联想记忆：illiteracy文盲
【例句】In the West, before mass communication and literacy , the most powerful mass medium was the Church.在西方，
在大众传媒和文学普及之前，最强势的大众媒介便是教堂。
margin/ˈmɑ:dʒɪn/ n.页边空白;边缘;余地 gross margin 毛利
联想记忆：marginalize使显得微不足道
【例句】Not the 20% profit margins that were routine a few years ago, but profit all the same.不是几年前常规的20%的
利润率，而是利润不变。

create / kriˈeɪt / vt. 创造，创建，创作；引起，产生 create a new vision 创造新的愿景
联想记忆：recreate再创造、 procreate生殖、生育
【例句】We wanted to learn from private industry how to create new behaviors that happen automatically. 我们想向私营
企业学习如何创造自动发生的新行为。
decline / dɪˈklaɪn / vi.／n. 下降，减少，衰退；婉拒 population decline 人口下降
联想记忆：advance 增长、allow 允许
【例句】Now even the project’s greatest cheerleaders talk of a continent facing a “Bermuda triangle” of debt, population
decline and lower growth. 如今，即使是该项目最狂热的拥趸在面对欧洲诸如说像债台高筑、人口下降和经济放缓等
此类问题时也是一筹莫展、束手无策。
tend / tend / vi．倾向，趋向于vt. 照管，护理 tend to 倾向于
联想记忆：tendency 倾向、 tenderize 使软化
【例句】When our brains switch between being focused and unfocused on a task, they tend to be more efficient. 当我们的
大脑在专注于任务和不专注于任务之间切换时，它们往往会更有效率。
extend / ɪkˈstend / vi. 延续；达到vt. 提供，发出 over-extend 过分延长
联想记忆：broaden 扩大、attend出席
【例句】While these measures would be welcome in the short term, we must face up to the fact that the existing £4.5 bn
programme of grants to fund new affordable housing, set to expire in 2015,is unlikely to be extended beyond then. 虽然这
些措施短期内会受到欢迎，但我们一定要正视现实：当前为新的经济适用房提供资金的 45 亿英镑资助计划于 2015
年到期，到时不可能到延长。
maintain / meɪnˈteɪn / vt. 维持；维修，保养；主张 maintain one’s rights 保留某人的权利
联想记忆：maintainable可维持的、keep 保持
【例句】 I deeply hope we could maintain a pleasant reading environment in the dormitory. 我非常希望我们能在宿舍里
保持愉快的阅读环境。
survive / səˈvaɪv / vt. 幸免于；比…活得长vi. 幸存 survive on 生存下去
联想记忆：surviver 幸存者、subsist 存在
【例句】Even American newspapers, which inhabit the most troubled corner of the global industry, have not only survived
but often returned to profit.就连处于全球工业危机最严重的美国，报业不仅生存了下来，而且恢复了盈利。
learn / lɜːn / vt. 学会；得知 vi. 学习；了解 learn about 了解
联想记忆：unlearn忘却、去掉…的弊习惯、studied 深思熟虑的
【例句】Americans had learned to live with less,and that restraint,in combination with the postwar confidence in the
future,made small, efficient housing positively stylish. 美国人早就学会了在空间有限的房子中居住，美国人民的这种自
我约束以及战后对未来生活的自信，使得小而有效的房子成为流行趋势。
affect / əˈfekt / v. 影响；感动 affect sth 对…有影响（通常指不利的影响.）
联想记忆：effect效应、defect 缺点
【例句】In his Case Study House, Ralph Rapson may have mispredicted just how the mechanical revolution would affect
everyday life – few American families acquired helicopters, though most eventually got clothes dryers – but his belief that
self-sufficiency was both desirable and inevitable was widely shared.在罗夫·雷普森的住宅研究案例中，他可能错误预测
了机械革命对日常生活可能产生的影响——很少有美国家庭能拥有直升机，但大多数美国家庭都拥有了干衣机——
但他认为自给自足既是理想的，也是必然的，这一信念却得到了广泛传播。
identify / aɪˈdentɪfaɪ / vt. 把…等同于；认出，鉴定vi．认同 identify with 视…(与…)为同一事物
联想记忆：misidentify 识别错、secern 区别
【例句】They argue that all Internet users should be forced to register and identify themselves, in the same way that drivers
must be licensed to drive on public roads. 他们认为应该强制所有因特网用户注册和确认自己的身份，就如同司机须取

得驾照才能在公路上驾驶一样。

intend / ɪnˈtend / vt. 想要；打算，企图 intend for 打算使…成为
联想记忆：superintend 监督、 tend 照顾
【例句】After about 40 minutes of shopping, most people stop struggling to be rationally selective, and instead begin
shopping emotionally - which is the point at which we accumulate the 50 percent of stuff in our cart that we never intended
buying. 购物约 40 分钟后，大多数人就不再费心去理性选购，而是开始冲动购物了——就是从这一刻起我们把本来
根本没打算买的那一半东西堆进了购物车。
alter / ˈɔːltə(r) / vt. 改变，变更 alter the status 改变状态
联想记忆：unaltered 不变的、modify 修改
【例句】We often hear media reports that an unauthorized hacker has been able to access a computer database and to alter
information stored there. 我们经常听到媒体报道说，未经授权的黑客已经能够访问计算机数据库并更改那里存储的
信息。
recognize / ˈrekəɡnaɪz / vt. 认出；承认；表彰，报偿 recognize A as B 承认A为B
联想记忆：identify 识别、legalize 使合法化
【例句】Knowing the results of Epley’s study, it makes sense that people hate photographs of themselves so viscerally— on
one level, they don’t even recognize the person in the picture as themselves. 了解了爱普雷的研究结果,就可以理解很多
人发自内心地讨厌自己的照片——在某种程度上,他们甚至不承认照片中的人是自己。
constitute / ˈkɒnstɪtjuːt / vt. 组成；设立 constitute forms 构成方式
联想记忆：reconstitute 重新设立、formation形成
【例句】But while young and old mostly agree on what constitutes the finish line of a fulfilling life, they offer strikingly
different paths for reaching it.尽管年轻一辈和老一辈在“什么构成成功的终点线”上大体达成共识，但是他们到达终点
线的路径却是大相径庭。
contract / kɒntrækt / v. 订(约)；缩小n. 合同，包工 labor contract劳动合同
联想记忆：subcontract 外包、convention协定
【例句】The current downturn in the art market is the worst since the Japanese stopped buying Impressionists at the end of
1989, a move that started the most serious contraction in the market since the Second World War. 自从日本人于 1989 年
底停止购买印象派艺术以来，当前艺术品市场的下滑是最严重的，此举引发了自第二次世界大战以来市场上最严重
的萎缩。
interpret / ɪnˈtɜːprət / vt. 解释，说明，诠释vi. 口译，翻译 interpret results解释结果
联想记忆：misinterpret 曲解、spokesman发言人
【例句】Competition law as presently interpreted deals with financial disadvantage to consumers and this is not obvious
when the users of these services don’t pay for them. 按照目前的解释，竞争法对消费者造成了财务上的不利影响，当这
些服务的用户不支付费用时，这并不明显。
obtain / əbˈteɪn / vt. 获得vi．通用，流行 able to obtain能获得的
联想记忆：unobtainable 难获得的、wangle设法获得、骗取
【例句】The valuable benefit obtained therefore should not be arbitrarily dismissed, but should instead be treasured. 因此，
获得的宝贵利益不应该被任意剥夺，而应该被珍惜。
predict / prɪˈdɪkt / vt. 预告，预言，预测 predict results预测结果
联想记忆：precaution 预防、prebuilt预制的
【例句】From the changes in the charts, it is easy for us to predict that more and more college students will walk out their
home and throw themselves into more various vacation activities. 从图表的变化中，我们很容易预测，将会有越来越多
的大学生走出家门，投入更多的度假活动。
assume / əˈsjuːm / vt. 假定；承担；呈现；认为 assume so觉得是
联想记忆：consume 消耗、 presume相信
【例句】While the researchers assumed that the well-structured daily plans would be most effective when it come to the
execution of tasks, they were wrong: the detailed daily plans demotivated students. 虽然研究人员认为，结构合理的日常

计划在执行任务时将会事半功倍，但是他们错了：详细的日常计划使学生失去动力。

emerge / iˈmɜːdʒ / vi. 出现；发生，显露 emerge from浮现
联想记忆：emergency 紧急情况、 merge合并
【例句】As this new science of habit has emerged , controversies have erupted when the tactics have been used to sell
questionable beauty creams or unhealthy foods. 随着这一新的习惯科学的诞生，当这种策略被用于销售有问题的美容
面霜或者不健康食物时，各种争议就爆发了。
involve / ɪnˈvɒlv / vt. 使卷入，使参与；包含，牵涉 involve sb in sth 把某人牵涉（或牵扯）到某事里
联想记忆：evolution演变、 revolve循环
【例句】If there is a role for government, it should really be getting involved in providing common goods—making sure
there is space for playing fields and the money to pave tennis and netball courts, and encouraging the provision of all these
activities in schools. 如果政府有责任，那么它的责任就应该是积极参与提供社会公益，如确保有足够的场地和资金
用于网球和其他运动场的建设并鼓励在学校提供这些运动项目。
relate / rɪˈleɪt / vi. 有关联；和睦相处vt. 使互相关联；叙述 relate to sth/sb 与…相关
联想记忆：connect 连接、link联系
【例句】So I decided to look for some fashion- related courses that included writing. 因此，我决定去寻找一些课程，既
与时尚相关、又涉及写作。
acquire / əˈkwaɪə(r) / vt. 取得，获得，学到 an acquired taste养成的爱好
联想记忆：acquirement 取得 acquisitive贪得的
【例句】Involuntary part-time employment in the US is harder to acquire than one year ago. 在美国，非自愿兼职比一年
前更难获得。
adapt / əˈdæpt / vt. 使适应；改编，修改 vi．适应 adapt for使适应
联想记忆：adjust 调整、aptitude适宜
【例句】It is implied in paragraph 2 that the current immigration system in the US should be adapted to meet challenges.
第 2 段暗示，美国现行的移民制度应该适应挑战。
apply / əˈplaɪ / vi. 申请，请求；适用于 vt. 应用，运用 apply for a job求职
联想记忆：utilize利用、 ask请求
【例句】Actually, I miss you very much, but I received a notice suddenly that I have to attend an exam if I would love to
apply for an opportunity for further study abroad. 实际上，我非常想念您，但是我突然收到通知，如果我想申请出国
深造的机会，就必须参加考试。
assure / əˈʃʊə(r) / vt. 使确信，使放心；确保 rest assured (that…) （强调所言确凿无误）尽管放心
联想记忆：insure 确保、reassure 使安心
【例句】The Biotechnology Industry Organization (BIO), a trade group, assured members that this was just a “preliminary
step” in a longer battle. 贸易组织生物技术产业组织（BIO）向成员保证，这只是更长远战斗中的“初步步骤”。
avoid / əˈvɔɪd / vt.避免，避开；预防 avoid sb/sth like the plague 尽量避开某人（或某事物）
联想记忆：devoid 缺乏的、vanity虚荣心
【例句】However,it is advisable for the public to consume rationally, avoiding extravagance and waste. 但是，建议公众
合理消费，避免奢靡和浪费。
convince / kənˈvɪns / vt. 使确信，使信服，说服 convince sb of sth 使某人相信某物
联想记忆：advise 建议、persuade说服
【例句】The boy is convinced that if he reads enough, he can explore as many career paths as he likes. 这个男孩坚信，如
果他阅读足够，他可以探索很多他喜欢的职业道路。
demonstrate / ˈdemənstreɪt / vt. 说明,演示；论证；表露 vi. 游行示威(或集会) demonstrate initiative 表现出主
动性
联想记忆：display 显示、monstrous巨大的

【例句】As is clearly reflected in the above pie chart, the purpose of students travelling demonstrates obvious differences
in China. 从上面的饼图中可以清楚地看出，中国学生的旅游目的存在明显差异。

discipline / ˈdɪsəplɪn / vt./n. 纪律；学科；训练；惩罚 self-discipline 自律
联想记忆：undisciplined 无纪律的、display显示
【例句】Markets have lost faith that the euro zone’s economies, weaker or stronger, will one day converge thanks to the
discipline of sharing a single currency, which denies uncompetitive members the quick fix of devaluation. 人们曾相信，欧
元区经济体，无论弱国或强国，只要本着使用统一货币的原则，就能避免了那些缺乏竞争力的国家采取货币贬值这
一权宜之计，就能有朝一日实现统一。如今市场已经丧失了这种信念。
educate / ˈedʒukeɪt / v. 教育，培养，训练 educate sb on sth 教育某人某事
联想记忆：abduct 绑架、conduct实施
【例句】Lots of studies have found that well- educated people from developing countries are particularly likely to emigrate.
许多研究发现，来自发展中国家的受过良好教育的人特别有可能移民。
enable / ɪˈneɪbl / vt. 使能够，使可能，使可行 enable sb to do 使某人能做某事
联想记忆：approve赞成、authorize认可
【例句】Firstly, with the rapid economic development of economy, college students are becoming increasingly wealthy,
which enables them to afford the traveling. 首先，随着经济的快速发展，大学生变得越来越富有，这使他们有能力负
担旅行费用。
establish / ɪˈstæblɪʃ / vt. 建立，设立，创办；确定 establish rules制定规则
联想记忆：found 创立、erect创立
【例句】Given the analyses above, it can be predicted that such established trend will surely continue for quite a while in
the forthcoming years until it comes to a reasonable ceiling. 根据以上分析，可以预见的是，这种趋势在未来几年肯定
会持续相当长的一段时间，直到达到合理的上限为止。
reflect / rɪˈflekt / v. 反射；反省，深思；反映 reflect on/upon 反思 ; 思索
联想记忆：reappear再出现、 recall回忆
【例句】In view of the argument above , I strongly believe that the staff’s attitude towards satisfaction with their work
reflects the situation of their work. 基于上述观点，我坚信员工对工作满意的态度反映了他们的工作情况。
respond / rɪˈspɒnd / vi. 回答，答复；响应 respond to回应
联想记忆：correspond 符合、respondent应答者
【例句】Parents need to respond to children’s emotional needs. 父母需要回应孩子的情感需求。
oppose / əˈpəʊz / vt. 反对，反抗 be opposed to 反对
联想记忆：object 反对、obverse正面（的）
【例句】Norway’s stock exchange and its main business lobby oppose the law, as do many businessmen. 挪威的证券交易
所及其主要的商业游说团体和许多商人一样反对这项法律。
threaten / ˈθretn / v. (构成)威胁，可能发生 threaten safety威胁到安全
联想记忆：endanger 危及、 minacious 威吓的
【例句】The crash was a major reason the U.S Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS)decided to formally list the bird as
threatened. 这是美国鱼类与野生动物服务组织(USFWS)决定正式将这种鸟类列为受威胁物种的主要原因。
annoy / əˈnɔɪ / vt. 使恼怒，使生气，打搅 be annoyed with生…的气
联想记忆：provoke 激怒、 badger烦扰
【例句】Also ,you will always be annoyed by one after another spam messages. 而且，你总是会被一个又一个的垃圾邮
件烦恼。
abandon / əˈbændən / vt. 抛弃；放弃 with gay abandon不考虑后果；轻率
联想记忆：abdicate 退位、 banish驱逐

【例句】Some of its member countries plan to abandon euro. 一些成员国计划放弃欧元。

acknowledge / əkˈnɒlɪdʒ / vt. 承认；告知收到，致谢 acknowledge your ability承认你的能力
联想记忆：admit 承认、ignore忽视
【例句】These epochal figures represented lives hard to imitate, but to be acknowledged as possessing higher authority
than mere mortals. 这些具有时代意义的人物代表着难以效仿的生活，但被公认为比凡人具有更高的权威。
assemble / əˈsembl / v.（人）集合，聚集；（物）装配 assemble gather组合
联想记忆：assimilate吸收、resemble类似
【例句】The heightened alert followed an emergency meeting with flu experts in Geneva that assembled after a sharp rise
in cases in Australia, and rising numbers in Britain, Japan, Chile and elsewhere. 随着澳大利亚病例数的激增以及英国、
日本、智利等地感染人数的上升，流感专家在日内瓦集合，召开了一次紧急会议，随后提高了警告级别。
bid / bɪd / vt. 命令；祝，表示 v./n. 出价，投标n. 企图，努力 what am I bid? （拍卖人用语）诸位愿出
多少钱?
联想记忆：command 指令、order订货
【例句】The auctioneer finally got the two pieces at the highest bids. 拍卖师终于拿到了最高价的两件作品。
conduct / kənˈdʌkt / vt. 指挥；管理；传导n. 行为；管理（方式） code of conduct行为准则
联想记忆：abduct 绑架、deduce推论
【例句】It’s time to reinvent the formula for how work is conducted , since we are still relying on a very 20th century notion
of work, Hagel says. 哈格尔认为，是时候对我们的工作方式进行改良了，因为我们对工作的认知仍停留在 20 世纪。
define / dɪˈfaɪn / vt. 限定，规定；给…下定义，解释 flow define流程定义
联想记忆：confine限制、 finite有限的
【例句】Most people would define optimism as being endlessly happy.大多数人将乐观主义定义为永无止境的快乐。
derive / dɪˈraɪv / v. 起源，衍生；追溯…的起源 be derived from sth起源于…
联想记忆：origin起源、 headspring源泉
【例句】Elegance, he believed, did not derive from abundance. 他相信，优雅并非来自繁缛。
deserve / dɪˈzɜːv / vt. 应受，值得，应得 deserve a chance应该得到机会
联想记忆：observe 观察、preserve保存
【例句】The moral decaying deserves more research by sociologists. 道德沦丧值得社会学家进行更多的研究。
confront / kənˈfrʌnt / vt. 遭遇；勇敢地面对；使对质 confront with以…面对
联想记忆：affront 冒犯、 comparison比较
【例句】Including China and India, home to a third of the world’s population– confront rising economic and social costs.
包括世界上三分之一人口的中国和印度-应对不断上升的经济和社会成本。
diminish / dɪˈmɪnɪʃ / vt. （使）减少，减小，降低 diminish inflammation消炎
联想记忆：mince切碎、 foolish愚蠢的
【例句】In zones of increased turbulence, the planes’ wakes will decay more quickly and the effect will diminish. 在有大
量乱流的地区，飞机尾部的气流会消失更快，上升流效应就会减弱。
discard / dɪˈskɑːd / vt. 打出（无用的牌）；抛弃，丢弃 discard path取消路径
联想记忆：chart图表、 carton纸板箱
【例句】Nothing is necessarily gained by forcing students to learn geometry at a graffitied desk stuck with generations of
discarded chewing gum. 在一张乱刻乱画，桌子上布满了一代代学生吐掉的口香糖，让学生在这样的桌上做几何题，
没有任何意义。

entitle / ɪnˈtaɪtl / vt. 给（书、文章）题名；给…权利（或资格） entitle thereto有权公约
联想记忆：title赋予头衔、right正确的
【例句】In an essay entitled “Making It in America”, the author Adam Davidson relates a joke from cotton about just how
much a modern textile mill has been automated: “The average mill has only two employees today, The man is there to feed
the dog , and the dog is there to keep the man away from the machines.”.亚当·戴维森《在美国制造》一文中提到南部种
棉地区的一个笑话，内容涉及现代纺织厂自动化的程度：如今的普通工厂只有两个雇员，“一个人外加一条狗, 人是
负责喂狗的，狗是让人不要靠近机器的。
estimate / estɪmət / vt./n. 估计，估量n. 评价，看法 conservative estimate保守估计
联想记忆：overestimate高估、 underestimate低估
【例句】Biologists estimate that as many as 2 million lesser prairie chickens—a kind of bird living on stretching
grasslands—once lent red to the often gray landscape of the mid-western and southwestern United States. 生物学家估计美
国中西部和西南部的广袤草原上曾生活着多达 200 万只的小草原松鸡，这些红色的小草原松鸡为灰蒙蒙的草原风貌
增添了几分红艳。
export / ɪkˈspɔːt / v./n. 出口，输出（品） export credit 出口津贴
联想记忆：import 进口、apportion分配
【例句】German exports to Russia multiplied 128 percent from 2001 to 2006. 从 2001 年到 2006 年，德国对俄罗斯的
出口增长了 128 ％。
imply / ɪmˈplaɪ / vt. 暗示，含有…的意思 seem to imply似乎意味着
联想记忆：explicate解释、comply遵守
【例句】Studies from the US and Australia imply that taking a gap year helps relieve freshmen of pressures. 美国和澳大
利亚的研究表明，休息一年再去上学有助于减轻新生的压力。
indicate / ˈɪndɪkeɪt / vt. 指出，指示；表明，示意 indicate left打左转向灯
联想记忆：abdicate退位、addict使上瘾
【例句】Bottled water, chewing gum and skin moisturizers are mentioned in Paragraph 5 so as to indicates the overvaluing
of higher education. 第 5 段提到瓶装水，口香糖和护肤品，这表明对高等教育的高估。
justify / ˈdʒʌstɪfaɪ / vt. 证明…正当（或有理），为…辩护 justify prove辩护;证实
联想记忆：certify证明、classify分类
【例句】It is curious that Stephen Koziatek feels almost as though he has to justify his efforts to give his students a better
future. 斯蒂芬·科佐泰克感到好奇的是，他必须证明他的努力是为了给学生一个更美好的未来。
manufacture / mænjuˈfæktʃə(r) / vt. 制造，加工 n.制造（业）；产品 manufactured goods制成品
联想记忆：emanate产生、manicure修剪
【例句】But to win over these young workers, manufacturers have to clear another major hurdle: parents, who lived
through the worst US economic downturn since the Great Depression, telling them to avoid the factory. 但要赢得这些年
轻的工人，企业主必须清除另一个障碍：家长。他们经历了美国自大萧条以来最严重的一次经济下行，他们告诉自
己的孩子，不要到工厂去。
promote / prəˈməʊt / vt. 促进，发扬；提升；推销 promote competition促进竞争
联想记忆：proclaim宣告、proclivity倾向
【例句】Findings of the Stanford University researchers will promote the sales of new Boeing and Airbus aircraft. 斯坦福
大学研究人员的发现将会促进波音和空客新型飞机的销售。
reject / rɪˈdʒekt / vt. 拒绝；退回n. 被拒货品，不合格产品 reject an offer拒绝要约
联想记忆：abject可怜的、deject沮丧的
【例句】If we know female job screeners are more likely to reject attractive female applicants, we can help screeners
understand their biases — or hire outside screeners. 如果我们知道女性招聘官们更加有可能拒绝有魅力的女性求职者，

我们就可以帮助招聘官们认识到她们的偏见，亦或是雇佣外部招聘官们。

represent / ˌreprɪˈzent / vt. 象征；描绘；代表 represent oneself as声称自己是…
联想记忆：recall召回、retrace追溯
【例句】These epochal figures represented lives hard to imitate, but to be acknowledged as possessing higher authority
than mere mortals. 这些时代弄潮儿代表了无以模仿的生活，但被认为拥有比常人更高的权威。
possess / pəˈzes / vt. 占有，拥有 commonly possess共享
联想记忆：poetess女诗人、potential潜在的
【例句】For them, history did nothing, it possessed no immense wealth nor waged battles对于他们来说，历史什么也没
做，它没有巨大的财富，也没有发动战争。
pursue / pəˈsjuː / vt. 追踪，追赶；从事；追求 pursue excellence追求卓越
联想记忆：purpose目的、purchase追踪
【例句】The “empty bottles” metaphor illustrates that people feel a pressure to pursue carefree reading. “空瓶子”的比喻说
明人们对于追求无忧阅读感到压力。
reveal / rɪˈviːl / vt. 揭露；（事物）展现，显示 reveal secret 揭露秘密
联想记忆：respect尊敬、responsible负责的
【例句】Recently, he revealed that he reads at least 50 nonfiction books a year. 最近，他透露自己每年至少阅读 50 本非
小说类书籍。
reward / rɪˈwɔːd / n./vt. 报酬，酬金；报答，奖赏 reward for good behaviour良好行为的奖励
联想记忆：bonus奖金、punishment惩罚
【例句】Critics make three main arguments against gene patents: a gene is a product of nature, so it may not be patented;
gene patents suppress innovation rather than reward it; and patents’ monopolies restrict access to genetic tests such as
Myriad’s. 批评人士有三个理由反对基因专利：基因是自然的产物，所以不可以给予专利 ; 基因专利不会鼓励创新
反而会打压创新;基因垄断企业比如 Myriad会限制其它公司进行基因测试。
rival / ˈraɪvl / vt. 与···竞争a. 竞争的 n. 竞争对手 party rival党内竞选对手
联想记忆：criminal犯罪的、 ride驾驶
【例句】The author suggests that the birds of passage today should be treated as mighty rivals. 作者建议将文章中今天的
“候鸟”视为强大的对手。
scatter / ˈskætə(r) / vt. 撒（播）；使散开，驱散 to scatter sth over/on sth (drop) 将某物撒在某处
联想记忆：scratch抓、scrape刮
【例句】I took the medicine 10 minutes ago, but the bitterness is still scattering in my mouth. 我 10 分钟前吃了药，但苦
味仍散落在我的嘴里。
strive / straɪv / vi. 努力，奋斗，力求 strive harder加紧努力
联想记忆：stride跨过、strife冲突
【例句】Should a leader strive to be loved or feared? 一名领袖应该努力被爱或是害怕？
surround / səˈraʊnd / vt. 包围；环绕，围绕 surround back 后置环绕
联想记忆：surface表面的、surcharge额外费用
【例句】These kids are going to be surrounded by computers — in their pockets, in their offices, in their homes — for the
rest of their lives. 在这些学生日后生活中，他们所处的环境中处处都有计算机——他们的口袋里、办公室里和家里。
transform / trænsˈfɔːm / vt. 把…转换成；变换，改革 transform constraint 变换控制
联想记忆：modify修改、conform符合
【例句】It’s not as hard for them to transform their thought processes as it is for older students. 对他们来说，改变他们
的思维过程并不像对年长的学生那样困难。
abuse / əˈbjuːs / vt./n. 滥用；辱骂，虐待 personal abuse人身攻击

联想记忆：abnormal反常的、abstruse深奥的
【例句】By the time a problem has been addressed and remedied it may have vanished in the marketplace, to be replaced by
new abuses of power. 当一个问题得到解决和纠正时，它可能已经在市场上消失，将被新的权力滥用取而代之。

anticipate / ænˈtɪsɪpeɪt / vt. 预料，期望；先于…行动 anticipate mode预期模式
联想记忆：accept接受、captivate迷住
【例句】According to Reding, quotas may help women anticipate legal results. 据雷丁说，配额可以帮助妇女预期法律
结果。
assign / əˈsaɪn / vt.分配，布置；指定；指派，选派 to assign a cause提出理由
联想记忆：resign辞职、significant象征
【例句】District administrators say that homework will still be a part of schooling: teachers are allowed to assign as much
of it as they want. 区政府官员说，家庭作业仍将是学校教育的一部分：老师允许布置他想布置的作业。
associate / əˈsəʊsieɪt / vi. 交往vt. 使联想；使联合 n. 伙伴，同事a. 副的 associate note相关注释
联想记忆：accelerate加速、accumulate积累
【例句】You have the importation of terminology that historically used to be associated with non-profit organizations and
religious organizations: Terms like vision, values, passion, and purpose. 你(公司)引入了历史上与非盈利组织和宗教组
织相关的术语，如：眼界，价值，激情和目标。
ban / bæn / v./n. 禁止 lift the ban on 解除对…的禁令
联想记忆：abandon放弃、permit许可
【例句】The government should ban fast-food outlets in the neighborhood of schools. 政府应在学校附近禁止快餐店。
bind / baɪnd / vt. 捆绑，捆扎；使结合；约束；装订 bind over 令…具结保证
联想记忆：tie领带、binder粘合剂
【例句】Quotas get action: they “open the way to equality and they break through the glass ceiling,” according to Reding, a
result seen in France and other countries with legally binding provisions on placing women in top business positions.定额
让人们采取行动，按照雷丁的说法，它们“开辟了平等之路，突破了玻璃天花板的限制。法国和其他的一些国家制
定了具有法律约束力的条款要求让女性进入企业高级职位，这些国家已经看到了上面提到的结果。
compel / kəmˈpel / vt. 强迫，迫使 compel admiration令人折服
联想记忆：compulsion强制、dispel驱散
【例句】The Europe Union is now considering legislation to compel corporate boards to maintain a certain proportion of
women — up to 60 percent.现在，欧盟正在考虑建立法律来强制企业董事会维持一定的女性比例，这一比例会高达
60%。
contribute / kənˈtrɪbjuːt / v. 贡献出，捐赠，捐助；投稿 contribute value 分摊价值
联想记忆：distribute分配、retribution报应
【例句】We have not been good at communicating the real value that housing can contribute to economic growth. 我们不
善于传达出住房对经济增长的真正价值。
counsel / ˈkaʊnsl / v./n. 忠告n. 法律顾问，辩护人 keep your own counsel 将自己意见（或计划等）保密
联想记忆：caution小心、advice建议
【例句】Trade publications counselled department stores that, in order to increase sales, they should create a “third stepping
stone” between infant wear and older kids’ clothes.商业出版物建议百货公司，为了增加销量，应该在婴儿服装和大童
服装之间建立“第三块垫脚石”。
decrease / dɪˈkriːs / v./n. 减少，减小 population decrease 人口减少
联想记忆：recreate娱乐、increase增加
【例句】Indeed, this period of economic weakness may reinforce class divides, and decrease opportunities to cross them-
especially for young people.确实，当前阶段的经济低迷可能会加剧阶级分化，并减少弥合这一差距的机会，尤其对于
年轻人来讲更是如此。

dispute / dɪˈspjuːt / v./n. 争论，争议 labor dispute 劳资纠纷
联想记忆：impute归咎于、repute名誉
【例句】Linking phone numbers to Facebook identities may worsen political disputes .将电话号码与Facebook身份进行
链接可能会加剧政治纠纷。
distract / dɪˈstrækt / vt. 使分心，转移；迷惑 distract thinking 发散思维
联想记忆：contract合同、 detract减去
【例句】To combat the trap of putting a premium on being busy, Cal Newport, author of Deep Work: Rules for Focused
Success in a Distracted World, recommends building a habit of “deep work” - the ability to focus without distraction.《深度
工作：在分心的世界中专注于成功的规则》一书的作者卡尔·纽波特建议建立一种“深度工作”习惯，即专注而不分心
的能力，从而让人们不要掉入为了忙而忙的陷阱。
endanger / ɪnˈdeɪndʒə(r) / v. 危及，危害 endanger factors危害因素
联想记忆：embrace拥抱、enchain束缚
【例句】They had pushed the agency to designate the bird as “ endangered ,” a status that gives federal officials greater
regulatory power to crack down on threats.因为他们一直敦促管理局将这种鸟类列为濒危物种，这样的话就能让联邦官
员有更大的监督权来打击威胁该物种的行为。
endure / ɪnˈdjʊə(r) / v. 持续；忍受，忍耐 endure hardship吃苦
联想记忆：duration持续、perdure持久
【例句】Having endured a painful period of unsustainability in his own life made it clear to him that sustainability-oriented
values must be expressed through everyday action and choice.在经历了一段无法承受的痛苦生活后，他清楚地认识到，
旨在提高承受力的价值观只有通过每日的行为和抉择才能得到体现。
ensure / ɪnˈʃʊə(r) / vt. 保证，担保，确保 ensure health 确保健康
联想记忆：entertain招待、entirely完全地
【例句】Do we need quotas to ensure that women can continue to climb the corporate Ladder fairy as they balance work
and family?在女性平衡工作和家庭的同时，我们还需要采用定额的方式来确保她们持续地、公平地攀爬职场的阶梯
么？
equip / ɪˈkwɪp / vt. 装备，配备；使有准备 standard equip 标准配置
联想记忆：prepare准备、furnish提供
【例句】There is a gap in working-class jobs, but the workers who need those jobs most aren’t equipped to do them. 工人
阶层的工作是有差距的，但最需要这些工作的工人却不具备相应的能力。
evolve / iˈvɒlv / v. (使)发展，(使)进化，(使)演变 evolve from 从…逐渐形（发展）成
联想记忆：convolve使卷曲、revolt反抗
【例句】It was only after “toddler” became a common shoppers’ term that it evolved into a broadly accepted developmental
stage. 当“学步儿童装”成为通用的购物术语后，“学步期”才成为人们广泛接受的一个成长阶段。
exceed / ɪkˈsiːd / vt. 超出；越出 exceeded expectations超出期待
联想记忆：accede加入、excavate挖掘
【例句】For people over 50, the degree of satisfaction largely exceeds the other groups, amounting to 40%. 对于 50 岁以
上的人群，满意度大大超过了其他人群，达到 40 ％。
fade / feɪd / v. (使)褪色；逐渐消失；凋谢 memories fade记忆力减退
联想记忆：blanch漂白、discolour褪色
【例句】In the United States, new cases seemed to fade as warmer weather arrived. 在美国，随着天气转暖，新病例似
乎逐渐消失。
forecast / ˈfɔːkɑːst / v.／n. 预报，预测 forecast the weather预报天气
联想记忆：forebode预示、 forebear祖先
【例句】A federal appeals court overturned the prior decision, ruling that Myriad Genetics could indeed hold patents to two

genes that help forecast a woman’s risk of breast cancer. 联邦上诉法院推翻了前面的判决，认为Myriad Genetics的确
可以持有两个帮助预测女性乳腺癌的基因专利。

formulate / ˈfɔːmjuleɪt / vt. 用公式表示；规划；阐明 formulate problem问题阐述
联想记忆：conform使遵守、deform变形
【例句】Cortina holds that early exposure to computer science makes it easier to formulate logical hypotheses. 科尔蒂娜
认为，尽早接触计算机科学可以更轻松地提出逻辑假设。
generate / ˈdʒenəreɪt / vt. 生殖；生产；引起，导致 generate reports生成报告
联想记忆：gene基因、generosity慷慨
【例句】In March,for the first time,wind and solar power accounted for more than 10 percent of the power generated in the
US,reported the US Energy Information Administration. 据美国能源情报署报道，今年 3 月美国风能、太阳能发电占比
首次超过10%。
highlight / ˈhaɪlaɪt / vi. 使显著，突出n. 精彩场面 highlight differences突出不同
联想记忆：electric light 电灯、daylight 日光
【例句】In 1337, Petrarch began work on his rambling writing De Viris Illustribus – On Famous Men, highlighting the
virtus (or virtue) of classical heroes. 1337 年，Petrarch 开始撰写杂文《名人传》，强调古典英雄的美德。
impact / ˈɪmpækt / n./v. 冲击，碰撞；影响，作用 historical impact历史影响
联想记忆：immediately立即、 imagine想象
【例句】Though often viewed as a problem for western states, the growing frequency of wildfires is a national concern
because of its impact on federal tax dollars, says Professor Max Moritz, a specialist in fire ecology and management. 尽管
日益频发的野火常被视为西部州的问题，但由于它对联邦税收的巨大影响，目前已成为一件举国关切之事，林火生
态与消防管理专家马克思·莫里茨表示。
oblige / əˈblaɪdʒ / vt. 迫使，责成；(使)感激，施恩于 oblige infinitely无限感激
联想记忆：object目标、observe观察
【例句】From January 1st, 2008, all public companies in Norway are obliged to ensure that at least 40% of their board
directors are women.. 自 2008 年 1 月 1 日起，挪威所有上市公司都有义务确保其董事会成员中至少 40 ％为女性。
impose / ɪmˈpəʊz / v. 把…强加于；征(税)，处以(罚款、监禁) impose limits施加限制
联想记忆：apposite适当的、compose构成
【例句】Yet rather than empowering teachers to find what works best for their students, the policy imposes a flat,
across-the-board rule. 但是，这项政策不仅没给老师权利去寻找适合学生的家庭作业，反而武断地设立‘一刀切’的规
则。
inform / ɪnˈfɔːm / vt. 通知，报告vi．告发，检举 inform the police通知警方
联想记忆：conform符合、formula公式
【例句】Her cancer tips include using time-saving mass e-mails to keep friends informed , sewing or buying fashionable
hospital gowns so you’re not stuck with regulation blue or gray and playing Gloria Gaynor’s “I Will Survive” so loud you
neighbors call the police. 她的抗癌窍门包括：利用省时的群发邮件与朋友保持联系、缝制或购买时尚的住院服而不
再总穿那些规定的蓝色或灰色，播放葛罗莉亚·盖诺的曲子“我会活下去”，声音大到让邻居去报警。
interact / ˌɪntərˈækt / vi. 互相作用，互相影响 interact user交互性用户
联想记忆：counteract抵消、enact颁布
【例句】In it, a mother is asked to interact with her child in a normal way before putting on a blank expression and not
giving them any visual social feedback. 在该实验中，一位妈妈被要求与她的孩子以正常的方式互动，之后，要求她面
无表情并且不能做出视觉上的、社交性的回应。
prompt / prɒmpt / vt. 促使，推动；提示a. 敏捷的，及时 n. 提词，提示 prompt attention及时关注
联想记忆：motivate刺激、inspire激发
【例句】Write an email to the customer service center to demand a prompt solution. 给客户服务中心写一封电子邮件，

要求有个迅速的解决方案。

propose / prəˈpəʊz / v. 提出；提名，推荐；打算；求婚 propose changes提议变革
联想记忆：property性质、promise 许诺
【例句】This proposed mandate was born of frustration. 这一提议源于一次失败。
reckon / ˈrekən / vt. 认为，估计；指望，盼望；测量 reckon on指望，依赖（某事发生）
联想记忆：regret后悔、respect尊敬
【例句】The American Society of News Editors reckons that 13,500 newsroom jobs have gone since 2007. 美国新闻编辑
协会估算：自 2007 年以来， 13500 个和新闻相关的职务已消失得无影无踪。
relieve / rɪˈliːv / vt. 缓解，减轻；使宽慰；接替 relieve sb of sth替…拿重物
联想记忆：alleviate减轻、levy征收
【例句】On July 29th they were relieved. 7 月 29 日，他们松了一口气。
select / sɪˈlekt / vt. 选择，挑选a. 精选的；一流的 select a file选择文件
联想记忆：secede脱离、secern区别
【例句】A fifth grader gets a homework assignment to select his future career path from a list of occupations. 一个五年级
的学生拿到了一份家庭作业，要他在一份职业列表中选出自己未来的职业道路。
resist / rɪˈzɪst / v. 忍住；抗(病等)；反抗，抵制 resist temptation抵制诱惑
联想记忆：reclaim抗议、reaction反应
【例句】Unhealthy curiosity is possible to resist , however. 但是，不健康的好奇心是可以抵抗的。
standardize / ˈstændədaɪz / v. 使符合标准，使标准化 standardize legal services规范法律服务
联想记忆：standard标准、station车站
【例句】Hagel says we have designed jobs in the U.S. that tend to be “tightly scripted” and “highly standardized “ ones that
leave no room for “individual initiative or creativity.” Hagel说，在美国，我们已把工作设计成“严格照本宣科”和“高度
标准化”的岗位，这使得个人根本没有自主创新空间。
trail / treɪl / n. 小路；痕迹vt．跟踪vi. 拖，下垂；(比赛等)失败 follow a trail循着痕迹
联想记忆：train培养、chase追逐
【例句】A further concern is that the use of electronic means of payment leaves an electronic trail that contains a large
amount of personal data. 另一个问题是，使用电子支付方式会留下一条包含大量个人数据的电子记录。
transmit / trænzˈmɪt / vt. 播送，发射；传送，传染；运输，运送 transmit news传播消息
联想记忆：transform改变、transcend胜过
【例句】“Men make their own history, but they do not make it just as they please; they do not make it under circumstances
chosen by themselves, but under circumstances directly found, given and transmitted from the past.” 人类创造了自己的
历史，但他们不是按照自己的意愿创造历史；他们不是在自己选择的环境下创造历史，而是从过去直接发现，给予
和传承下来的环境中创造历史。
critical / ˈkrɪtɪkl / a. 危急的，决定性的，关键性的；批评(判)的 critical issue关键问题
联想记忆：crisis危机、criticism批评
【例句】The author’s attitude to what UK governments have done for sports is critical. 作者对英国政府为体育所做的事
情的态度至关重要。
manifest / ˈmænɪfest / a. 明显的 vt. 使显现；证明 manifest destiny天命
联想记忆：emanate产生、maniacal疯狂的
【例句】Bottled water, chewing gum and skin moisturizers are mentioned in Paragraph 5 so as to manifest the significant
role of good habits. 第 5 段提到瓶装水，口香糖和护肤品，以表明良好习惯的重要作用
aggressive / əˈɡresɪv / a. [贬]侵略的；[褒]敢做敢为的，积极的 aggressive behaviour攻击性行为
联想记忆：aggregate合计、belligerent好战的

【例句】What would an aggressive , ambitious, effective plan look like—one that would leave the U.S. both
environmentally safe and economically sound? 一项雄心勃勃，雄心勃勃，有效的计划将是什么样的？该计划将使美国
在环境安全和经济上都保持良好状态？

brief / briːf / a. 简洁的v. 简短介绍，简要汇报 brief appearance短暂的露面
联想记忆：abbreviated简短的、bread面包
【例句】In October the Department of Justice filed a brief in the myriad case. 十月份，司法部对无数案件进行了简要介
绍。
digital / ˈdɪdʒɪtl / a. 数字的 digital code数字代码
联想记忆：digit数字、digitus指
【例句】The ants analogy is used to illustrate the relationship between digital giants and their users.蚂蚁类比用于说明数
字巨头与其用户之间的关系。
effective / ɪˈfektɪv / a. 有效的；事实上的 effective means有效手段
联想记忆：effects影响、effort努力
【例句】While the researchers assumed that the well-structured daily plans would be most effective when it come to the
execution of tasks, they were wrong: the detailed daily plans demotivated students. 虽然研究人员认为，结构合理的日常
计划在执行任务时将会事半功倍，但是他们错了：详细的日常计划使学生失去动力。
independent / ˌɪndɪˈpendənt / a. 独立自主的；中立的；无关的 be independent of each other相互独立
联想记忆：dispense分配、depend依赖
【例句】We learn from Paragraph 2 that outside directors are supposed to be independent advisers. 我们从第 2 段获悉，
外部董事应该是独立顾问。
physical / ˈfɪzɪkl / a. 物理(学)的；物质的；身体的 physical properties物理性质
联想记忆：geophysics地球物理学、 physician内科医生
【例句】But two years ago Facebook paid even more than that to acquire the WhatsApp messaging service, which doesn’t
have any physical product at all.但是在两年前，Facebook甚至出资更高收购了压根儿没有任何实体商品的WhatsApp
（即时）通讯服务。
potential / pəˈtenʃl / a. 潜在的，可能的n. 潜力，潜能 potential customer潜在客户
联想记忆：omnipotent无所不能的、potable可饮用的
【例句】Stephenson suggested potential restrictions could include banning TV advertisements for foods high in fat, salt or
sugar before the 9 pm and limiting them on billboards or in cinemas. Stephenson.表示可能的限制包括：晚九点前禁止播
放高脂肪、高盐分和高含糖量食品的电视广告并限制该类食品上广告牌或进电影院。
psychological / ˌsaɪkəˈlɒdʒɪkl / a. 心理(学)的 psychological problem 心理问题
联想记忆：biological生物的、sociological社会的
【例句】Visual recognition, reads the study, is “an automatic psychological process occurring rapidly and intuitively with
little or no apparent conscious deliberation”. 该研究显示，视觉识别是“一个自动的心理过程，它会依靠直觉快速发生，
几乎或者根本不存在明显有意识的考虑”。
responsible / ˌ rɪˈspɒnsəbl / a. 负责任的；重要的；有责任感的 responsible investigation尽职调查
联想记忆：despond失望、correspond符合
【例句】The homework rules should be put on hold while the school board, which is responsible for setting educational
policy, looks into the matter and conducts public hearings. 学校董事会是教育政策的制定者，在他调查此事并进行公众
意见听证会的时候，家庭作业的规则应该暂停实施。
secure / sɪˈkjʊə(r) / a. 安全的，可靠的vt．获得；使安全 secure peace获得安宁
联想记忆：concur同意、cure治疗
【例句】Couples should be financially secure before getting married or having children. 夫妻在结婚或生子之前应有经
济上的保障。

relevant / ˈreləvənt / a. 有关的，切题的 relevant range相关范围
联想记忆：alleviate缓轻、relieve解除
【例句】Programming languages have a quick turnover, so the “Ruby on Rails” language they learned may not even be
relevant by the time they enter the job market. 程序语言迭代更新很快，所以他们所学的 “Ruby on Rails” 语言甚至也
许在他们步入职场时已不再适用。
sufficient / səˈfɪʃnt / a. 足够的，充分的 sufficient match充分匹配
联想记忆：abundant丰富的、ample足够的
【例句】What makes the problem thornier is that the usual time-management techniques don’t seem sufficient. 而这个问
题更糟糕的是，那些常见的时间管理技巧似乎不足以改变这一问题。
abroad / əˈbrɔːd / ad. 国外，在国外；到处 abroad student留学生
联想记忆：overseas海外的、abase表现卑微
【例句】The Parkrun phenomenon began with a dozen friends and has inspired 400 events in the UK and more abroad .跑
酷现象最初由十几个朋友发起，如今在英国却已引发四百个类似活动，在国外就更多了。
unlikely / ʌnˈlaɪkli / a. 未必的，靠不住的 unlikely event不太可能发生的事情
联想记忆：implausible难以置信的、undefined不明确的
【例句】While these measures would be welcome in the short term, we must face up to the fact that the existing £4.5 bn
programme of grants to fund new affordable housing, set to expire in 2015,is unlikely to be extended beyond then. 虽然这
些措施短期内会受到欢迎，但我们一定要正视现实：当前为新的经济适用房提供资金的 45 亿英镑资助计划于 2015
年到期，到时不可能到延长。
comparative / kəmˈpærətɪv / a. 比较的，相对的 comparative advantages比较优势
联想记忆：apparatus装置、multiparous多产的
【例句】On the other hand, the economy in the rural districts is comparative less developed and thus lacking the
opportunity to make money and pursue their future. 另一方面，农村地区的经济相对较不发达，因此缺乏赚钱和追求自
己的未来的机会。
easily / ˈiːzəli / ad. 容易地，不费力地 easily understood 清晰易懂的
联想记忆：readily容易地、accessible易接近的
【例句】You can be easily caught up by life problems that you forget to pause and appreciate the things you have. 你很容
易被种种生活问题所困扰，从而忘记停下来去感恩你们所拥有的一切。
efficient / ɪˈfɪʃnt / a. 效率高的，有能力的 energy efficient节能的
联想记忆：defect缺点、facile温和的
【例句】Deep reading requires not just time, but a special kind of time which can’t be obtained merely by becoming more
efficient. 深度阅读需要的不仅仅是时间，而是一种特别的时间，它不是仅仅通过提高效率就能获得的。
apparent / əˈpærənt / a. 表面上的；显然的，明白的 apparent rate显效
联想记忆：multiparous多产的、dependent依靠的
【例句】Visual recognition, reads the study, is “an automatic psychological process occurring rapidly and intuitively with
little or no apparent conscious deliberation”.研究表明，视觉识别是“一种自动的心理过程，迅速而直观地发生，很少
或根本没有明显的有意识的思考。
executive / ɪɡˈzekjətɪv / a. 执行的，实施的 n. 董事，行政负责人 chief executive 行政长官
联想记忆：exercise运动、implement实施
【例句】One answer is fear, according to Jon Wortmann, executive mental coach. 执行心理教练乔恩·沃特曼表示，答案
是恐惧。
external / ɪkˈstɜːnl / a. 外部的，外面的，外表的 external economy 外部经济
联想记忆：continental大陆的、aboriginal土著的
【例句】Today many people find it difficult to trust their own opinion and seek balance by gaining objectivity from
external sources. 今天，许多人发现很难通过外部来源获得客观性来信任自己的观点并寻求平衡。

conventional / kənˈvenʃənl / _a_. 常规的；普通的 conventional wisdom普遍信念
联想记忆：customary习惯的、habitual惯常的
【例句】Further contradicting conventional wisdom, we found that women as well as men have lower levels of stress at
work than at home. 与传统观点进一步矛盾的是，我们发现无论男女，工作压力都比家庭压力低。
criminal / ˈkrɪmɪnl / a. 犯罪的，刑事的n. 罪犯 criminal charges 犯罪指控
联想记忆：emotional情绪的、rival竞争对手
【例句】As far as I am concerned, we should fully bring its benefits out, but always be on alert that the spam messages will
be took advantage by the criminals and fake advertisements makers. 在我看来，我们应该充分发挥它的优势，但要时刻
警惕，垃圾邮件会被犯罪分子和虚假广告制作者利用。
alternative / ɔːlˈtɜːnətɪv / a. 两者择一的n. 供选择的东西 alternative energy替代能源
联想记忆：alienate使疏远、alterable可改变的
【例句】What Washington does-or doesn’t do- to promote alternative energy may mean less and less a time of a global shift
in thought. 华盛顿做什么或不做什么——推广替代能源可能意味着全球思维转变的时间越来越少。
former / ˈfɔːmə(r) / a. 以前的，在前的 n. 前者 be a shadow of your former self威风不再
联想记忆：previous过早的、prior优先的
【例句】Mr. Nye, a former dean of the Kennedy School of Government at Harvard and one-time chairman of America’s
National Intelligence Council, is best known for promoting the idea of “soft power”, based on persuasion and influence, as a
counterpoint to “hard power”, based on coercion(强迫) and force. 奈伊先生曾任哈佛大学肯尼迪政府学院院长和美国
国家情报委员会主席，他最著名的是提倡基于说服和影响力的“软实力”理念，与基于胁迫和武力的“硬实力”相对应。
skilled / skɪld / a. 熟练的，有技能的；需要技能的 skilled balance技巧平衡
联想记忆：expert专家、adept内行
【例句】When the recovery began, worker shortages first appeared in the high- skilled trades. 当经济开始复苏时,工人短
缺最先出现在高技能行业。
harmful / ˈhɑːmfl / a. 有害的 potentially harmful潜在的有害
联想记忆：hacker黑客、habitation居住
【例句】Fear is both useful and harmful. 恐惧既有用又有害。
hence / hens / ad. 因此；从此 hence forecasts由此预测
联想记忆：consequently因此、therefore所以
【例句】 Hence I have to spend more time and energy on it. 因此，我必须花更多的时间和精力。
inevitable / ɪnˈevɪtəbl / a. 不可避免的，必然（发生）的 inevitable defeat 丧志屈服
联想记忆：immerge浸入、immure监禁
【例句】Harford argues that inevitable distractions often render the daily to-do list ineffective,while leaving room for
improvisation in such a list can reap the best results. 哈福德认为，不可避免的干扰往往会致使每日的待办事项清单无
效，相比之下，在这样的清单中留出即兴发挥的空间可以获得最理想的结果。
internal / ɪnˈtɜːnl / a. 内部的，内地的，国内的；内心的；内在的 internal security 内部安全
联想记忆：inward内部、inside在里面
【例句】At its best, the European project is remarkably liberal: built around a single market of 27 rich and poor countries,
its internal borders are far more open to goods, capital and labour than any comparable trading area. 欧洲项目目前景光
明、自由度高：它是围绕由 27 个贫国和富国组成的单一市场而建立的。较之任何类似的贸易区，它对于商品、资
本和劳动力几乎不设置任何壁垒。
radical / ˈrædɪkl / a. 根本的；激进（派）的 n. 激进分子 radical party激进党
联想记忆：radicle幼根、eradicable可根除的
【例句】The food industry will be alarmed that such senior doctors back such radical moves, especially the call to use some
of the tough tactics that have been deployed against smoking over the last decade. 资深医生支持这些激进行为，特别是呼
吁使用一些在过去十年应用于抵制香烟的强硬策略。在这种情况下，食品行业应该有所警醒了。

worthwhile / ˌwɜːθˈwaɪl / a. 值得（做）的 worthwhile goals 值得追求的目标
联想记忆：worthless无价值的、beneficial有益的
【例句】According to the last paragraph, Happy Money may prove to be a worthwhile purchase. 根据最后一段，Happy
Money可能被证明是值得购买的。
crucial / ˈkruːʃl / a. 至关重要的，决定性的 crucial decision重要决策
联想记忆：chief 首领、essential基本的
【例句】Foreign bureaus play a crucial role in the newspaper business. 外事局在报业中起着至关重要的作用。
remarkable / rɪˈmɑːkəbl / a. 引人注目的；非凡的 remarkable achievement 非凡的成就
联想记忆：trademark商标、postmark邮戳
【例句】While the rest of the world takes the lead, notably China and Europe, the United States is also seeing a remarkable
shift. 在世界其他地区（尤其是中国和欧洲）起带头作用的同时，美国也在发生显著变化。
hard [hɑːd] a. 硬的，坚固的；烈性的；困难的 ad. 努力地；猛烈地；困难地 hard going难懂的；费力的
联想记忆：arduous adj. 费力的，艰巨的 tough adj. 难办的，棘手的，费力的
【例句】It might also be hard for airlines to co-ordinate the departure times and destinations of passenger aircraft. 航空公
司可能也很难协调旅客飞机的起飞时间和目的地。
likely [ˈlaɪkli] a. 可能的，有希望的 ad. 可能 as likely as not 很可能
联想记忆：prone adj. 有…倾向的，易于…的（尤指有发生不好或有害之事倾向的）
【例句】For example, heavier women are less likely to develop calcium deficiency than thin women. 例如，较重的女性
比较瘦的女性更不容易患上钙缺乏症。
social [ˈsəʊʃl] a. 社会的；交际的 social class/background 社会阶层 / 背景
联想记忆：sociable adj. 好交际的 socialize v. (和他人)交往，交际
【例句】As such, it needed to appreciate the economic realities, the social contexts and power relations in which each epoch
stood. 因此，需要了解每个时代所处的经济现实、社会背景和权力关系。
industrial [ɪnˈdʌstriəl] a. 工业的，产业的 industrial products工业产品 industrial area工业区
联想记忆：industrialize v.工业化 industrialization n.工业化
【例句】The concept of man versus machine is at least as old as the industrial revolution.人与机器对立的概念至少和工
业革命一样古老。
moral [ˈmɒrəl] a. 道德(上)的 a decline in moral standards 道德水准的下降 moral dilemma道德困境
联想记忆：morality n.道德 morale n.士气
【例句】He is at his most interesting when discussing the moral aspects of leadership. 他对讨论领导力的道德方面最感
兴趣。
private [ˈpraɪvət] a. 私人的；秘密的 in private私下地；没外人在场
联想记忆：privacy n.隐私 privatize v. 使私有化;将…私营化
【例句】In particular, they called for forging closer collaborations with western state governments, which are often uneasy
with federal action and with the private landowners who control an estimated 95% of the prairie chicken’s habitat. 特别是
他们呼吁与西方各州政府建立更紧密的合作关系，这些州政府往往对联邦政府的行动和控制着大约95%的廉价鸡肉
养殖场的私人土地所有者感到不安。
local [ˈləʊkl] a. 当地的，地方的；局部的 local community 地方社区
联想记忆：localize v. 使局限(于某地区)；使局部化 localization n.局部化；局限
【例句】But successive governments have presided over selling green spaces, squeezing money from local authorities and

declining attention on sport in education. 但历届政府都在出售绿地，从地方政府那里榨取资金，并减少对体育教育的
关注。

reasonable [ˈriːznəbl] a. 合理的；通情达理的；公道的；尚好的 beyond a reasonable doubt排除合理怀疑
联想记忆：unreasonable a.不合理的
【例句】A reasonable quota for women at work needs to be set. 工作中，需要为女性设定合理的比例人数。
appropriate [əˈprəʊpriət , əˈprəʊprieɪt] a. 适当的vt. 私占；拨款用an appropriate response恰如其分的反应
联想记忆： proper adj. 合适的，恰当的
【例句】The most appropriate title for this text would be? 这篇文章最合适的标题是？
federal [ˈfedərəl] a. 联邦的 a federal republic 联邦共和国
联想记忆：federalism n.联邦制 federalist n.联邦主义者 a.联邦制的
【例句】Last year a federal task-force urged reform for patents related to genetic tests. 去年，一个联邦特别工作组敦促
对与基因测试相关的专利进行改革。
highly [ˈhaɪli] ad. 高(度)地，非常 highly recommended强烈推荐 highly paid薪酬高的
联想记忆：extremely ad.极其
【例句】 American papers have long been highly unusual in their reliance on ads. 美国报业一直对广告有着高度不寻常
的依赖性。
specific [spəˈsɪfɪk] a. 特有的；具体的n(pl.) 详情，细节 specific instructions 明确的指示
联想记忆：specificity n.明确性；独特性
【例句】To be specific , the percentage of consumption on New Year’s gifts, party, traffic and others is 40%, 20% , 20% and
20% respectively. 具体来说，新年礼品、聚会、交通等消费的比例分别为40%、20%、20%和20%
creative [kriˈeɪtɪv] a. 创造(性)的，有创造力的 creative thinking 创造性思维
联想记忆：creativity n.创造力 creator n.创造者
【例句】They’re more productive, more creative , and willing to take greater risks. 他们更有效率，更有创造力，愿意承
担更大的风险。
historical [hɪˈstɒrɪkl] a. 历史(上)的，史学的 historical records 历史记载
联想记忆：historic adj. 有历史意义的，历史的
【例句】There are plenty of anecdotes and examples, historical and contemporary, political and corporate. 有很多轶事和
例子，历史的和当代的，政治的和企业的。
powerful [ˈpaʊəfl] a. 强大的，有力的；强壮的 a powerful engine 大功率引擎
联想记忆：mighty adj. 强大的，强有力的（常用于形容军队、勇士、球队） forceful adj. 强有力的，有说服力的
【例句】To deliver results to its users quickly, then, Google has to maintain vast data centers round the world, packed with
powerful computers. 为了快速地向用户交付结果，谷歌必须在全球范围内维护庞大的数据中心，里面都是功能强大
的计算机。
competitive [kəmˈpetətɪv] a. (好)竞争的；求胜心切的；有竞争力的 competitive sport竞技体育
联想记忆：appetite n. 欲望；胃口 competence n. 能力
【例句】It is not competitive enough with regard to its cost. 就成本而言，它还不够有竞争力。
complex [ˈkɒmpleks] a. 复杂的；复合的 n. 综合体 complex personality 复杂的性格
联想记忆：complicated adj. 复杂的，难懂的 complicate v. 弄复杂

【例句】It takes a while to judge complex aspects of personality, like neuroticism or open-mindedness. 需要一段时间来判
断性格的复杂方面，如神经质或开放性。

enormous [ɪˈnɔːməs] a. 庞大的，巨大的，极大的 enormous value 极大价值
联想记忆： colossal a. 巨大的，庞大的（通常指体积或总量）vast a.广阔的，浩瀚的(多指空间、面积、范围)
【例句】How could she have let those enormous bonus payouts pass unremarked? 她怎么能悄无声息地发放那些巨额奖
金呢？
equivalent [ɪˈkwɪvələnt] a. 等价的；相当的n. 等价物 equivalent to 等于,相当于
联想记忆： available a. 有用的；有效的 equivalent a. 相等的
【例句】But they were popular because of their airy glass walls, the views they afforded and the elegance of the buildings’
details and proportions, the architectural equivalent of the abstract art so popular at the time. 但它们之所以受欢迎，是因
为它们通风的玻璃墙，它们所提供的景观，以及建筑细节和比例的优雅，这是当时非常流行的抽象艺术在建筑上的
等价物。
extreme [ɪkˈstriːm] a. 末端的；极端的，极度的n. 极端，过分 extreme views偏激的观点
联想记忆： extremum n.极值；最大（最小）值
【例句】Some people with a high BMI are in fact extremely fit. 有的人BMI值很高，实际上非常健康。（此处为extreme
的副词形式）
diverse [daɪˈvɜːs] a. 多种多样的
联想记忆： diversify v. 多样化 diversion n. 转向；娱乐
【例句】You need to enhance your communication skills since you are very likely to meet different people with diverse
personalities. 你需要提高你的沟通技巧，因为你很可能会遇到不同性格的人。
global [ˈɡləʊbl] a. 全球的，全世界的；总的，完整的 global warming全球变暖
联想记忆： globally ad. 全球地
【例句】They are energetic participants in a global economy. 他们是全球经济的积极参与者。
helpful [ˈhelpfl] a. 有帮助的；有益的，有用的 be helpful to 对……有用
联想记忆： helpfully ad.有益地；有用地
【例句】Outside directors are supposed to serve as helpful , yet less biased, advisers on a firm’s board. 外部董事被认为是
公司董事会中有帮助但不那么偏袒的顾问。
immune [ɪˈmjuːn] a. 免疫的；不受影响的；免除的 immune from attack 免遭袭击
联想记忆： immunity n.免疫力；豁免
【例句】When there is exponential improvement in the price and performance of technology, jobs that were once thought to
be immune from automation suddenly become threatened. 当技术的价格和性能呈指数级增长时，一度被认为不受自动
化影响的工作突然受到威胁。
inferior [ɪnˈfɪəriə(r)] a. 下等的，下级的；次的n. 下级，晚辈 inferior in 在……方面低劣
联想记忆： superior n. 上级 inferiority n.低等;劣等;劣势
【例句】Working with your hands is seen as almost a mark of inferiority. 用手工作几乎被视为下等人的标志。（此处
为inferior的名词形式inferiority）
keen [kiːn] a. 热心的，喜爱的；敏锐的；锋利的 be keen on sth.对某事比较上心
联想记忆： keenness n.喜爱
【例句】Lawyers were keen to attend conventions. 律师们热衷于参加会议。

logical [ˈlɒdʒɪkl] a. 逻辑(上)的，符合逻辑的 logical explanation 合理解释
联想记忆： logically ad. 逻辑上；合乎逻辑地
【例句】On one hand, that viewpoint is a logical product of America’s evolution. 一方面，这种观点是美国发展的合理
产物。
mathematical [ˌmæθəˈmætɪkl] a. 数学(上)的 mathematical formula 数学公式
联想记忆：mathematically ad. 算术地
【例句】It might be poetic, philosophical, sensual, or mathematical , but in any case it must, in my view, have something to
do with the soul of the human being. 它可能是诗意的，哲学的，感性的，或数学的，但无论如何，在我看来，它必须
与人类的灵魂有关。
military [ˈmɪlətri] a. 军事的，军队的n. 军方；陆军 military training/intelligence军训；军事情报
联想记忆： militarily ad.以武力；武力地 militant a. 好战的
【例句】 There are reports that some military aircraft flew in formation when they were low on fuel during the Second
World War. 有报道说，第二次世界大战期间，一些军用飞机在燃油不足时编队飞行。
moreover [mɔːrˈəʊvə(r)] ad. 而且，此外
联想记忆： furthermore ad.此外
【例句】 Moreover , we must admit that the developing countries has a far more larger population and accordingly a larger
demand for mobile services than developed countries. 此外，我们必须承认，与发达国家相比，发展中国家的人口要多
得多，因此对移动服务的需求也更大。
random [ˈrændəm] a. 任意的，随机的 at random 随意；随机；胡乱
联想记忆： accidental adj. 意外的，偶然的 casual adj. 碰巧的，偶然的
【例句】This law abolished special educational requirements for federal jurors and required them to be selected at random
from a cross section of the entire community. 这项法律废除了对联邦陪审员的特殊教育要求，并要求他们从整个社区
的各个阶层中随机挑选。
rare [reə(r)] a. 稀有的；(空气等)稀薄的；(肉)煎得嫩的 a rare disease 罕见的疾病
联想记忆： incomparable a.不可比拟的;无比的;无双的 commonplace a.平凡的;普通的;普遍的
【例句】 Rare is the household in which the division of labor is so clinically and methodically laid out. 很少有这样如此有
条不紊又有逻辑地安排家务分工的家庭。
readily [ˈredɪli] ad. 容易地，迅速地；乐意地 readily accept欣然接受
联想记忆： promptly ad.迅速地;立即
【例句】Loans will be readily available to rich countries. 富裕国家将很容易获得贷款。
optimistic [ˌɒptɪˈmɪstɪk] a. 乐观(主义)的 be optimistic about sth. 对……乐观
联想记忆： optimism n. 乐观主义 optimize v. 使…尽可能优化
【例句】But the article is actually quite optimistic , as it outlines a potential solution to this problem. 但这篇文章实际上相
当乐观，因为它概述了这个问题的潜在解决方案。
organic [ɔːˈɡænɪk] a. 有机物的，有机体的 organic compounds有机化合物
联想记忆： organically ad. 有机地
【例句】She called her parents and stocked up on organic food, determined to become a “full-time healing addict.” 她给父
母打电话，囤积有机食品，决心成为一名“全职康复瘾君子”
precise [prɪˈsaɪs] a. 精确的，准确的；严谨的 to be precise准确地说

联想记忆： precisely ad. 准确地; 恰好地 precision n. 精确; 准确; 细致
【例句】More difficult, in the moment, is discerning precisely how these lean times are affecting society’s character. 目前，
更困难的是，要准确地辨别出这些萧条时期是如何影响社会品格的。(此处为precise的副词形式precisely)

sensitive [ˈsensətɪv] a. 敏感的；神经过敏的；易受伤的 environmentally sensitive易受环境影响
联想记忆：sensitively ad. 敏感地;易受伤害地 insensitive a.不敏感的
【例句】Parents don’t have to be exquisitely parents at all times, but there needs to be a balance and parents need to be
responsive and sensitive to a child’s verbal or nonverbal expressions of an emotional need. 父母不必一直都是完美的父
母，但需要有一个平衡，父母需要对孩子的口头或非言语表达的情感需求作出反应和保持敏感。
primary [ˈpraɪməri] a. 最初的，初级的；首要的，基本的 primary stage 初始阶段
联想记忆：prime a. 最初的；基本的 primacy n. 主要地位；重要性
【例句】The opposition claims primary school pupils doing at least two hours of sport a week have nearly halved. 反对人
士声称，每周至少运动两小时的小学生几乎减少了一半。
somewhat [ˈsʌmwɒt] ad. 稍微，有点 more than somewhat 非常
联想记忆： more or less 或多或少
【例句】Younger people are somewhat more optimistic than their elders about the prospects for those starting out today. 年
轻人比他们的长辈对今天开始工作的人的前景要乐观一些
substantial [səbˈstænʃl] a. 牢固的；充裕的；主要的，实质性的 substantial amount大量
联想记忆：substance n. 物质;物品;东西;事实基础;根据;主旨;要点;实质;基本内容
【例句】We estimate that either eliminating a substantial labour-rights concern, such as child labour, or increasing
corporate giving by about 20%.我们估计，要么消除大量的劳工权利问题，如童工，要么将企业捐赠增加20%左右。
typical [ˈtɪpɪkl] a. 典型的，有代表性的 typical example 典型的例子
联想记忆： atypical a. 非典型的 typography n. 印刷术；印刷样式
【例句】Then there is the scale of the typical housing project. 然后是典型住宅项目的规模。
unexpected [ˌʌnɪkˈspektɪd] a. 想不到的，意外的 an unexpected visitor不速之客
联想记忆：unexpectedly ad. 意外地
【例句】We more than ever need people in the workplace who can take initiative and exercise their imagination “to respond
to unexpected events.” 在工作中，我们比以往任何时候都更需要能够采取主动，发挥想象力，“应对突发事件”的
人。
unfortunately [ʌnˈfɔːtʃənətli] ad. 不幸地；遗憾的是
联想记忆：unluckily ad. 不幸地
【例句】 Unfortunately , people create inner barriers with a help of exaggerating fears. 不幸的是，人们通过夸大恐惧来
制造内心的障碍。
unknown [ˌʌnˈnəʊn] a. 未知的，不知名的 an unknown quantity未知数（指尚不清楚，有待证实的人或事物）
联想记忆： nameless a. 无名的;不知名的;匿名的
【例句】The necessary amount of companies’ spending on it is unknown. 公司在这方面的必要开支数额不得而知。
unlike [ˌʌnˈlaɪk] a. 不同的 prep．不像…，和…不同
联想记忆： unlikely a.不大可能发生的;非心目中的;非想象的;难以相信的
【例句】 Unlike so-called basic emotions such as sadness, fear, and anger, guilt emerges a little later, in conjunction with a
child’s growing grasp of social and moral norms. 与悲伤、恐惧和愤怒等所谓的基本情绪不同，负罪感在孩子逐渐掌握
社会和道德规范的同时出现得稍晚。

unusual [ʌnˈjuːʒuəl] a. 不平常的；与众不同的 unusual weather 异常天气
联想记忆： usual a. 通常的 utensil n. 用具，器皿
【例句】American papers have long been highly unusual in their reliance on ads. 长期以来，美国报纸高度依赖广告，
依赖程度不同寻常。
urgent [ˈɜːdʒənt] a. 急迫的，紧要的 urgent action紧急行动
联想记忆： urgently ad.急迫地 urgency n. 紧迫;急迫
【例句】It needs to put historical prejudices to one side and take some steps to address our urgent housing need. 要把历史
偏见放在一边，采取措施解决我们的紧急住房需求。
vain [veɪn] a. 徒劳的，无效的；自负的 in vain 枉费心机
联想记忆：fruitless adj. 无结果的，无效果的 ineffective adj. 无效果的，不起作用的
【例句】The point of a style upgrade isn’t to become more vain or to spend more time passing over what to wear. 风格升
级的重点不是变得更加虚荣，也不是花更多的时间来忽略穿什么。

天問

博观而约取，厚积而薄发